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| 2117617690 | Genghis (Chinggis) Khan | (Temujin) took the title of supreme leader when he united the Mongol clans; over 40 years, he conquered the largest land-based empire in all of history 1167-1267; prolific baby maker, .5% males in world related to him | 0 | |
| 2117617691 | tumens | Basic fighting units of the Mongol forces; consisted of 10,000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 1000, 100 and 10. | 1 | |
| 2117617692 | Tangut | Rulers of Xi Xia kingdom of northwest China; one of regional kingdoms during period of southern Song; conquered by Mongols in 1226 | 2 | |
| 2117617693 | Muhammad Shah II | Turkic ruler of Muslim Khwarazm kingdom; attempted to resist Mongol conquest; conquered in 1220. | 3 | |
| 2117617694 | Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol empire under Genghis Khan, 1162 - 1227. | 4 | |
| 2117617695 | shamanistic religion | Religion that revolves around the belief of nature spirits;Was the main religious belief of Genghis Khan and the Mongols; Although it was the main religion, the khan was very tolerant of all other religions | 5 | |
| 2117617696 | Batu | Ruler of Golden Horde; one of Genghis Khan's grandsons; responsible for invasion of Russia beginning in 1236. | 6 | |
| 2117617697 | Ogadei | third son of Genghis Khan; succeeded Genghis Khan as Khagan of the Mongols following his father's death | 7 | |
| 2117617698 | Golden Horde | Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. Also known as the Kipchak Horde. | 8 | |
| 2117617699 | Metropolitan | A major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it | 9 | |
| 2117617700 | Prester John | In legends popular from the 12th to 17th centuries, he was a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom was cut off from Europe by Muslim conquests; Genghis Khan was originally believed to be this ruler. | 10 | |
| 2117617701 | Ilkhan khanate | one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Genghis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire. | 11 | |
| 2117617702 | Hulegu | Khubilai's brother who conquered the Abbasid dynasty and established the Ilkhanate of Persia. Captured the Abbasid capital of Baghdad after besieging it in 1258. Attempted to capture Syria but was expelled by Egyptian Muslims, who stopped Muslim expansion to the southwest | 12 | |
| 2117617703 | Mamluks | Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. They eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517) | 13 | |
| 2117617704 | Kublai Khan | Mongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China | 14 | |
| 2117617705 | Tatu | Mongol capital of Yuan dynasty; present-day Beijing. | 15 | |
| 2117617706 | Chabi | Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese. | 16 | |
| 2117617707 | Nestorians | A Christian sect found in Asia; tended to support Islamic invasions of this area in preference to Byzantine rule; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions | 17 | |
| 2117617708 | Romance of the West Chamber | Chinese novel written during the Yuan Period; indicative of the continued literary vitality of China during Mongol rule. | 18 | |
| 2117617709 | White Lotus Society | Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule; secret order that Iroh belongs to in A:TLA | 19 | |
| 2117617710 | Ju Yuanzhang | Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan in 14th century; founded Ming dynasty. | 20 | |
| 2117617711 | Timur-i Lang | Last major leader of Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360s from base at Samarkand, launched series of attacks in Persia, the Fertile Crescent, India, and southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 | 21 |
