12457035066 | Where did Christianity diffuse to? | Asia, Africa, and the Americas | 0 | |
12457063576 | What divisive issue struck European Christendom in 1517? | 95 Theses | 1 | |
12457069747 | What did Martin Luther do? | He publicly invited debate about Roman Catholic abuses by nailing the 95 Theses to the door of Wittenberg Castle Church | 2 | |
12457642077 | What was the 95 Theses about? | It criticized the luxuries and | 3 | |
12457659266 | What are indulgences? | It was money in exchange for less time in purgatory; remove sin | 4 | |
12457684952 | What was Luther's preferred dress for Christians? | A simple cloak | 5 | |
12457696026 | Who is the religious authority of the Catholic church? | The Pope and church hierarchy | 6 | |
12458757029 | Who is the religious authority of the Protestant church? | The Bible that is interpreted by individuals | 7 | |
12458767166 | What is the role of the Pope in the Catholic church? | He is the ultimate authority in faith and doctrine | 8 | |
12458774118 | What is the role of the Pope in the Protestant church? | He is denied authority of the pope | 9 | |
12458787858 | What is the ordination of clergy in the Catholic church? | It was an apostolic succession | 10 | |
12458804040 | What is the ordination of the clergy in the Protestant church? | It was ordination by individual congregations or denominations denying the apostolic succession | 11 | |
12458841318 | How do you fine salvation in the Catholic church? | You find it through church sacraments as channels or God's grace | 12 | |
12458851828 | How do you find salvation in the Protestant church? | You find it through faith alone because God's grace is freely and directly granted to believers | 13 | |
12458866688 | What status does Mary have in the Catholic church? | She was highly prominent ranking below Jesus and providing a constant intercession for believers | 14 | |
12458879811 | What status does Mary have in the Protestant church? | She was less prominent denying Mary's intercession on behalf of the faithful | 15 | |
12458895892 | Who does the Catholic church pray to? | They prayed to God but often through saints or Mary | 16 | |
12458908123 | Who does the Protestant church pray to? | They prayed to God alone | 17 | |
12458914235 | What is Catholic holy communion? | It is transubstantiation with bread and wine being the body and blood of Christ | 18 | |
12458933541 | What is the Protestant holy communion? | It has bread and wine having a spiritual or symbolic significance denying the transubstantiation | 19 | |
12458962779 | What is the role of clergy in the Catholic church? | They are mediators between God and humankind and generally celibate | 20 | |
12458975576 | What is the role of clergy in the Protestant church? | They are the priesthood of all believers preaching and administering sacraments and can marry | 21 | |
12458995661 | What is the role of Saints in the Catholic church? | They are prominent spiritual exemplars and intermediaries between God and humankind | 22 | |
12459014394 | What is the role of Saints in the Protestant church? | They are considered all Christians and generally disdained as a source of idolatry | 23 | |
12457705146 | What countries or territories were Catholic? | Ireland, Poland, Spain, Italy, and France | 24 | |
12457719056 | What countries or territories were Anglican? | England | 25 | |
12457729968 | What countries or territories were Lutheran? | Baltics, Northern Germany, and Scandinavia | 26 | |
12457748001 | What countries or territories were Calvinist? | Scotland and Switzerland | 27 | |
12457756418 | What countries or territories were Bohemian? | Southern Germany | 28 | |
12457769179 | How did Luther use Johann Gutenberg's new invention-the printing press-to further the message or Protestantism? | Luther used it to make pamphlets and spread the German translated version of the New Testament | 29 | |
12457785895 | What are some other Protestant denominations? | Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Quaker, and Anabaptist | 30 | |
12457808343 | What happened on St. Bartholomew's Day, 8/24/7 | 300 Huguenots massacred by Catholic mobs and hundreds more died due to disease | 31 | |
12459048423 | What did the Edict of Nantes do? | It granted some religious tolerance to French Protestants with the intention they would return to the Catholic church | 32 | |
12459070423 | What was the Thirty Years War? | It was a Catholic-Protestant struggle that began in the Holy Roman Empire and engulfed most of Europe | 33 | |
12459080474 | When did the Thirty Years War begin and end? | 1618-1648 | 34 | |
12459084720 | What did the Peace of Westphalia do? | It ended the Thirty Years War by reshuffling boundaries and proclaiming each state sovereign and in religious control of its own territory | 35 | |
12459108449 | What was the Counter Reformation? | The Protestant breakaway provoking a Catholic Reformation | 36 | |
12459120715 | What did the Council of Trent do? | They reaffirmed and claried the things Protestants rejected correcting the abuses and corruptions | 37 | |
12459132653 | What are some examples of the things the Council of Trent corrected? | The education of priests, supervision of bishops, censorhsip of books, fines, exiles, penitence, and burning heretics, independent spirituality and personal piety, and the Society of Jesus | 38 | |
12459154971 | Who were the Jesuits Order | They were a dedicated brotherhood of priests committed to the renewal and extension of the Catholic church | 39 | |
12459176938 | Where was the center of the Christian world as of 1500? | It was located in Europe | 40 | |
12459181985 | Where did Christianity not diffuse to during the colonial era? | Central Asia | 41 | |
12459191490 | What did the Puritans do? | They brought Protestantism to America with emphasis on education, moral purity, personal conservation, civic responsibility, and little religious tolerance | 42 | |
12459211170 | What did the missionaries do? | They spread the word of Christianity | 43 | |
12459232302 | Who were Taki Onqoy? | They were traveling dancers or teachers predicted that an alliance of Andean deities would soon overcome the Christian God and inflict the Europeans with the same diseases they had brought to the Americas and restore the world of the Andes to harmony | 44 | |
12459287678 | Who are huacus? | They are local god spirits | 45 | |
12459296429 | What are cofradias? | Church-based associations of laypeople | 46 | |
12459313999 | Who is Matteo Ricci? | A Jesuits priest that assimilated to Chinese culture to attempt to convert China to Catholicism focusing on Chinese elites | 47 | |
12459347514 | How did Ricci and other missionaries in China use scientific breakthroughs in Europe to help get them an audience with high-ranking official at the Ming and Qing courts? | 48 | ||
12459357633 | Why did some Chinese find European monogamous marriage immoral? | It was because they would have to leave their concubines | 49 | |
12459372719 | Around how much of China converted to Christianity? | 30,000/3,000,000 people converted | 50 | |
12459391234 | What were some distinctively African aspects of the syncretic forms of the Christianity practiced by the African in the Americas | Dream interpretations, visions, and spirit possession | 51 | |
12459410217 | What are some specific examples of African Christian practices? | Voodoo in Haiti, Santeria in Cuba, and Candolmble and Macumba in Brazil | 52 | |
12459425638 | How did Islam differ in Java from the more orthodox practices of the Middle East? | The women were in royal courts and as buyers and sellers in markets | 53 | |
12459445780 | How did Islam differ in Aceh, Sumatra from the more orthodox practices of the Middle East? | They enforced dietary codes, almsgiving of Islamic law, and forbade women from politics | 54 | |
12459462950 | What did Ibn Saud support? | The Wahhabi movement | 55 | |
12459480754 | What was the Wahhabi movement? | It was the extreme dislike of the veneration of Sufi saints and tombs, natural sites , and Muhammad's tomb at Medina | 56 | |
12459497525 | What did Ibn Saud do? | He offended razed tombs, eliminated idol, destroyed logic books tobacco, hashish, banned musical instruments, and abolished unauthorized taxes | 57 | |
12459528370 | What was the rest of Europe's reaction of the Wahhabist movement? | It was not happy | 58 | |
12459534219 | What did Wang Yangming do? | He argued that anyone could achieve a virtuous life by introspection and contemplation without extended education, study, and constant striving for improvement of traditional Confucianism | 59 | |
12459558200 | What is kaozheng? | "Research based on evidence" that emphasized verification, precision, accuracy, and analysis | 60 | |
12459575787 | What did Cao Xueqin do? | He wrote a novel called The Dream of the Red Chamber in the mid-18th CE | 61 | |
12459592636 | What was the Bhakti movement? | It was devotional Hinduism of dance, sangs, prayers, poetry, and rituals to connect with the Divine | 62 | |
12459603793 | Who was Mirabi? | He was a beloved Bhakti poet from a high-caste family | 63 | |
12459614203 | What religious movement did Guru Nanak found in India? | Sikhism | 64 | |
12459619643 | What was the role of the Golden Temple? | It was Sikhism's central places of worship and pilgrimage to the Golden Temple of Amritsar | 65 | |
12459645411 | What factors did Europeans develop over time which helped spur on the Scientific Revolution? | 66 | ||
12459649062 | What is natural philosophy? | The study of nature and the physical universe | 67 | |
12459657381 | What did Nicholas Copernicus do? | He introduced the heliocentric idea of the sun at the center of the universe | 68 | |
12459668026 | What did Johannes Kepler do? | He established that plants follow elliptical orbits, not perfect circles | 69 | |
12459678948 | What did Galileo do? | Invented the telescope | 70 | |
12459684180 | What did Blaise Pascal say? | "Eternal silence of infinite space frightens me" | 71 | |
12459698984 | What did Newton do to figure put what 'made it all go?' | He discovered gravitational constant and the equation for it | 72 | |
12459706319 | What did Isaac Newton do? | He discovered universal gravity, discredited supernatural forces, discredited church authority as providers of truth, and thought that the same laws control the heavens and the earth | 73 | |
12459745015 | What did Rene Decartes say? | He resolved "to seek no other knowledge than that which I might find within myself, or perhaps in the book of nature" | 74 | |
12459764656 | What was the role of the Royal Society of London? | It was created to foster scientific learning | 75 | |
12459771754 | What did Glordano Bruno do? | He proclaimed an infinite universe and many worlds but burned at the stake in 1600 | 76 |
AP World History Chapter 15: Cultural Transformations Flashcards
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