The West and the Changing Balance of World Power
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| 549813803 | 1291 | Expedition of Vivaldi's into the Atlantic Ocean | 0 | |
| 549813804 | 1348 | Outbreak of black death in Europe | 1 | |
| 549813805 | 1433 | End of Ming commercial Expeditions | 2 | |
| 549813806 | 1439 | Portugal establishes control over Azores | 3 | |
| 549813807 | 1453 | Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Empire | 4 | |
| 549813808 | 1469 | Unification of Castile and Aragon | 5 | |
| 549813809 | Ottoman Turks | People who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350's; Conquered large part of Balkans: Unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from the Balkans that included most of the Islamic World. | 6 | |
| 549813810 | Zhenghe | Chines Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea trade and Expedition under third Ming emperor, Yunglo, between 1405 and 1433. | 7 | |
| 549813811 | Hundred Years War | Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of the national states. | 8 | |
| 549813812 | Francesco Petrarch | (1304-1374) One of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance; an Italian author and humanist. | 9 | |
| 549813813 | Iberian Peninsula | a peninsula in southwestern Europe that today is divided by Spain and France | 10 | |
| 549813814 | Inquisition | A religious committee of six Roman cardinals that tried heretics and punished the guilty by imprisonment and execution | 11 | |
| 549813815 | Polynesia | Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island. | 12 | |
| 549813816 | Sufi Movement | Mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia | 13 | |
| 549813817 | Ibn-Rushd | Spanish-Arab philosopher; also known as Averroes; influenced by Aristotle, his best known writings explore the relationship between reason and faith | 14 | |
| 549813818 | Beijing | Became the capital of China during the Ming Dynasty because of its centralized location | 15 | |
| 549813819 | Renaissance | Cultural ad political movement in western Europe; began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the middle ages. | 16 | |
| 549813820 | Giotto | An artist who led the way into realism; his treatment of the human body and face replaced the formal stiffness and artificiality that had long characterized the representation of the human body | 17 | |
| 549813821 | Castile | Along with Aragon; a regional kingdom of the Iberian Peninsula; pressed reconquest of the peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. | 18 | |
| 549813822 | Vivaldi Brothers | Two Genoese brothers who attempted to find a western route to the "Indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into the southern Atlantic. | 19 | |
| 549813823 | Society Islands | Where the first Polynesians settled around the 7th century., collectively, Tahiti, Samoa, and Fiji; initial base of Polynesia | 20 | |
| 549813824 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to Southern Asia and elsewhere, But later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 21 | |
| 549813825 | Black Death | Plague the struck Europe in the 14 century; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure | 22 | |
| 549813826 | Marco Polo | 1254-1324. Venetian traveler. One of first Westerners to travel Silk Road. His "Travels of Marco Polo" was the only account of the Far East available to Europeans until the 17th century. | 23 | |
| 549813827 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; Successfully sailed to the new world and return in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas. | 24 | |
| 549813828 | Aragon | Along with Castile; a regional kingdom of the Iberian Peninsula; pressed reconquest of the peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda | 25 | |
| 549813829 | Enthnocentrism | belief that one's own ethnic group, nation or religion is superior | 26 | |
| 549813830 | Maori | A member of a Polynesian group that settled New Zealand about 800 C.E. | 27 |
