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| 5881545261 | Ibn-Rushd (Averroës) | Iberian Muslim philosopher; studied Greek rationalism; ignored among Muslims but influential in Europe. | 0 | |
| 5881546223 | Ming Dynasty | Replaced Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China. | 1 | |
| 5881547163 | Zhenghe | Muslim Chinese seaman; commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean. | 2 | |
| 5881548200 | Black Death | 14th-century bubonic plague; decimated populations in Asia and Europe. | 3 | |
| 5881548665 | Renaissance | Cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; based on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages. | 4 | |
| 5881551139 | Portugal, Castile, and Aragon | Regional Iberian kingdoms; participated in reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. | 5 | |
| 5881552607 | Francesco Petrarch | Italian author and humanist; a major literary figure of the Renaissance. | 6 | |
| 5881553459 | Vivaldi brothers | Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the "Indies"; precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic. | 7 | |
| 5881554465 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer; first European to reach India by sea around Africa. | 8 | |
| 5881555391 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in late postclassical Europe. | 9 | |
| 5881555392 | Ethnocentrism | Judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history. | 10 |
