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AP World History: Chapter 15 - Global Commerce Flashcards

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5888318043Spanish america produced ___% of world's silver850
5888318631Potosithe early modern era's largest silver mine, mostly worked by Native Americans1
5888321182Japan produced ___% of world's silver152
5888322709most of the world's silver ended up in __________China; the Ming Dynasty changed the tax policy in 1570 so citizens had to pay taxes in silver3
5888326374China's economy1) very strong; center of world economy 2) their products travelled all over the world 3) economy was becoming more commercialized and specialized4
5888328109Japan's economytheir economy grows and they invest their wealth wisely5
5888328758Spain's economywealthy at the time, but Spain did not invest their wealth wisely6
5888330555European merchants in silver tradeacted as middlemen but didn't benefit as much as others7
5888331462Atlantic Slave Trade Unique Characteristics1) more connected to race and skin color 2) connected to 1 type of labor (agriculture) 3) low social status was more extreme8
5888331884Atlantic Slave Trade Beginnings in Africa1) slave trade was held on African soil on African terms 2) controlled mostly by the king9
5888332114Atlantic Slave Trade1) 1500s-late 1800s 2) 18.6 million Africans left Africa 3) 10% of voyages experienced a rebellion10
5888337521___% Africans died in transit1511
5888339134height of slave trade1750-185012
5888339871___% of slaves worked in Brazil or the Caribbeans9013
5925753806Trans-Atlantic trade1) 1492 2) Triangular Trade 3) columbian exchange 4) connected the East and West hemisphere 5) reflected the emergence of a global economy 6) Western Europeans benefit the most14
5925761711columbian exchangethe first 300 years of the Trans Atlantic trade (1450-1750)15
5925781272Columbian exchange from America to Europe1) sugar 2) silver and gold 3) tobacco 4) cotton 5) potatoes 6) corn 7) molasses and rum16
5925788909Columbian exchange from Europe to America1) disease 2) animals 3) Christianity17
5925808020the arrival of Europeans in Indian Ocean trade1) they desired luxury goods from Indian ocean trade (ex: spices) 2) wanted to avoid monopoly by Muslim and Venetian traders 3) stronger European states and stronger economies18
5925830432Portugal's Indian Ocean trade1) 1500 2) established themselves in port cities all around the Indian Ocean 3) attempted military control using military force 4) tried to create a trading post "empire" and impose a cartaz 5) had limited success for a limited amount of time 6) ended up merging in with the rest of the traders19
5925854042cartaza permit issued by Portugal that allowed trade in the Indian Ocean20
5925830433Spain's Indian Ocean trade1) 1550 2) Philippine Islands 3) established colonial rule with small military operations, local alliances, and gifts and favors to chiefs. (very bloodless takeover) 4) attracted the attention of China and other countries; high amounts of migrants poured in from China and Japan, causing conflict when the migrants refused to comply with Spanish rule 5) had a strong economic relationship with China 6) was pretty successful; the Philippines was a colony until the 19th century21
5925830434Dutch's Indian Ocean trade1) 1600 2) Indonesia (small spicy islands) by the Dutch East India Trading Company 3) killed, starved, and enslaved the Native populations and forced them to trade; nearly all Native populations were killed off 4) the island's economy was shattered and they experienced extreme poverty while the Dutch got rich 5) traded nutmeg, mace, and cloves 6) highly commercialized and urbanized; the Dutch had good business skills. Started with luxury goods but later turned towards mass marketing 7) extremely successful22
5925831692Britain's Indian Ocean trade1) 1600 2) India (Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras) 3) weren't as economically and commercially sophisticated as Portugal; couldn't use military force 4) used private charters over many investors (East India Company) 5) bribed local officials to sneak into trade 6) Started with luxury goods but later turned towards mass market goods (cotton, textiles) 7) pretty successful23
5926022572Western European perspective on Fur Trade1) operated in Northern North America (Canada) 2) competitive; multiple European states participated 3) Europeans themselves didn't trap or hunt the animals 3) traded European goods for furs from Native Americans (alcohol, etc.)24
5926022573Russian perspective on Fur Trade1) Siberia; in Russian soil 2) no competition 3) forced fur trade on Natives 4) Russians themselves also hunted and trapped animals25
5926022586Native American perspective on Fur Trade1) Native Americans did most hunting and trapping 2) no forced labor 3) benefitted from European goods at first, but in the long run, dependency on European goods had many negative effects 4) spread of disease was slower because of less direct contact, but soon disease was rampant among Native populations26
5926023737Environmental perspective on Fur Tradenegative; many animals were driven to near extinction because of the fur trade27

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