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| 12122427928 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. | 0 | |
| 12122434692 | Arawak | Amerindian peoples who inhabited the Greater Antilles of the Caribbean at the time of Columbus. | 1 | |
| 12122444144 | Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. | 2 | |
| 12122449088 | Caravel | A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic. | 3 | |
| 12122454850 | Gold Coast | Region of the Atlantic coast of West Africa occupied by modern Ghana; named for its gold exports to Europe from the 1470s onward. | 4 | |
| 12122465805 | Bartolomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. | 5 | |
| 12122475468 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. | 6 | |
| 12122488420 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization. | 7 | |
| 12122498627 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. | 8 | |
| 12122504491 | Conquistadors | Early-sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers who conquered Mexico, Central America, and Peru. (Examples Cortez, Pizarro, Francisco.) | 9 | |
| 12122517226 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain. | 10 | |
| 12122520492 | Moctezuma II | Last Aztec emperor, overthrown by the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes. | 11 | |
| 12122529157 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who led the conquest of the Inca Empire of Peru in 1531-1533. | 12 | |
| 12122543841 | Atahualpa | Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. | 13 |
