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| 5906244224 | Ottoman Turks | Turkish group ruled by the Ottoman dynasty; formed an empire that lasted from about 1300 to 1922. The group that proved to be the greatest threat to the Byzantine Empire in the 15th century. |  | 0 |
| 5906244225 | Zhenghe | Chinese admiral who led seven overseas trade expeditions under Ming emperor Yunglo between 1405 and 1423; demonstrated that the Chinese were capable of major ocean exploration. |  | 1 |
| 5906244226 | Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. |  | 2 |
| 5906244227 | Francesco Petrarch | Known as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He lived from 1304-1374 as a cleric and committed his life to humanistic pursuits and careful study of the classics. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular except for his sonnets, which were composed to his "lady love" who spoke no Latin. *Italian author and humanist who is a major literary figure of the Renaissance. |  | 3 |
| 5906244228 | Iberian Peninsula | Peninsula in southwestern Europe occupied by Spain and Portugal |  | 4 |
| 5906244229 | Inquisition | A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s. |  | 5 |
| 5906244230 | Polynesia | The region of Oceania that is the furthest from Australia and Southeast Asia (Many Islands) |  | 6 |
| 5906244231 | Sufi Movement | Mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Asia Muslims wrote about their mystical contacts with god |  | 7 |
| 5906244232 | Ibn-Rushd | Spanish-Arab philosopher; also known as Averroes; influenced by Aristotle, his best known writings explore the relationship between reason and faith; ignored in Middle East. |  | 8 |
| 5906244233 | Beijing | China's northern capital, first used as an imperial capital in 906 and now the capital of the People's Republic of China. |  | 9 |
| 5906244234 | Renaissance | "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome |  | 10 |
| 5906244235 | Giotto | An artist who led the way into realism; his treatment of the human body and face replaced the formal stiffness and artificiality that had long characterized the representation of the human body |  | 11 |
| 5906244236 | Castile | Along with Aragon, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. |  | 12 |
| 5906244237 | Vivaldi Brothers | Two Genoese brothers who attempted to find a Western route to the "Indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into southern Atlantic |  | 13 |
| 5906244238 | Society Islands | Where the first Polynesians settled around the 7th century, collectively, Tahiti, Samoa, and Fiji; initial base of Polynesia |  | 14 |
| 5906244239 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. |  | 15 |
| 5906244240 | Black Death | The bubonic plague that struck Europe in the mid-fourteenth century and killed from one third to one half of the population before it ran its course after 1600 |  | 16 |
| 5906244241 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. |  | 17 |
| 5906244242 | Christopher Columbus | An Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journeys until the time of his death in 1503. |  | 18 |
| 5906244243 | Aragon | Along with Castile, a regional kingdom of the Iberian peninsula, pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims, developed a vigorous military and religious agenda |  | 19 |
| 5906244244 | Ethnocentrism | The belief that one's group is of central importance, tendency to judge the practices of other groups by one's own cultural standards. |  | 20 |
| 5906244245 | Maori | New Zealand indigenous culture established around 800 CE |  | 21 |
