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| 5346315615 | Ottoman Empire | a former Turkish empire that was founded about 1300 by Osman and reached its greatest territorial extent under Suleiman in the 16th century | 0 | |
| 5346315616 | Ming Dynasty | a major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-14th century to the mid-17th century | 1 | |
| 5346326448 | Cheng Ho | Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea trade expeditions under third Ming emperor, Yunglo, between 1405 and 1433 | 2 | |
| 5346330330 | Black Death | an epidemic outbreak in Europe around 1348 that killed between one-third and two-thirds of the population in less than five years | 3 | |
| 5346330331 | Renaissance | cultural and political movement in Western Europe; began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages | 4 | |
| 5346331243 | Portugal | republic in Southwestern Europe; bordered by Spain the the north and east | 5 | |
| 5346331244 | Castile and Aragon | Regional kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims and ultimately united under the Spanish monarchy | 6 | |
| 5346332985 | Francesco Petrarch | one of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance; an Italian author and humanist | 7 | |
| 5346332986 | Vivaldi Brothers | to genoese brothers who attempted to find a western route to the "indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into southern Atlantic | 8 | |
| 5346334124 | Henry the Navigator | an important figure in 15th century Portuguese politics and in the early days of the Portuguese Empire | 9 | |
| 5346334125 | Ethnocentrism | Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture | 10 |
