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| 8623144039 | Ming Dynasty | succeeded Yuan dynasty in 1368 and lasted until 1644. Initially, this dynasty mounted huge expeditions but later concentrated on internal improvements. | 0 | |
| 8623157293 | Treasure ships | China had 9 during height of shipping and trade. It was a type of large wooden ship in the fleet of admiral Zheng He, who led seven voyages during the early 15th-century Ming dynasty. | 1 | |
| 8623161776 | Zheng He | Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea trade expeditions under 3rd Ming emperor Yunglo, between 1405-1433. | 2 | |
| 8631654854 | Zhu Yuanzhang | the given name of the Hongwu emperor and founder of the Ming dynasty. | 3 | |
| 8623381428 | Renaissance | Cultural and political movement in Western Europe, and began in Italy in 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages. | 4 | |
| 8623416813 | Francesco Petrarch | One of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance; an Italian author and humanist. | 5 | |
| 8623453657 | Castile and Aragon | Regional kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims and ultimately united under the Spanish monarchy. | 6 | |
| 8630328965 | Vivaldis | Two Genoese brothers who attempted to find a western route to the "Indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of the thrust into Southern Atlantic. | 7 | |
| 8630355526 | Vasco de Gama | Portuguese captain who sailed for India in 1497; established early Portuguese dominance in the Indian Ocean. | 8 | |
| 8630404736 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked the beginning of Western European expansion. | 9 | |
| 8631369485 | Polynesian expansion | expansion, spurts of migration and conquest that implanted Polynesian culture well beyond the initial in islands such as Samoa, Tahiti and Fiji. | 10 | |
| 8631388180 | Hawaii | discovered in the 7th century and settled by Polynesians. | 11 | |
| 8631524956 | Maori | Polynesians that occupied the two islands that make up modern day New Zealand. | 12 | |
| 8631604614 | Sub-Saharan Africa | was not developing and changing as most of the world, except for the fluctuation of regional kingdoms. | 13 | |
| 8631675739 | Portugal | leader of westward exploration and expansion during the 1400's. | 14 |
