Terms : Hide Images
| 8798322405 | indulgence | the forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act | 0 | |
| 8798322406 | Protestant Reformation | religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the "protesters" forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and reformed churches and the Church of England |  | 1 |
| 8798322407 | Catholic Reformation | religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation |  | 2 |
| 8798322408 | witch-hunt | the pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft especially in northern Europe in the late 16th and 17th |  | 3 |
| 8798322409 | scientific revolution | the intellectual movement in Europe, initial is associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the 17th century had laid ground for modern science |  | 4 |
| 8798322410 | enlightenment | a philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational law that governed social behavior and that were just as scientific as the laws of physics |  | 5 |
| 8798322411 | bourgeoisie | the early modern Europe, the class of well off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, and commerce, and allied professions |  | 6 |
| 8798322412 | joint-stock company | a business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks among many investors | 7 | |
| 8798322413 | stock exchange | a place where shares in a company or business enterprise are brought or sold | 8 | |
| 8798322414 | Little Ice Age | a century long period of cool climate that began in the 1590's. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable | 9 | |
| 8798322415 | gentry | in China, the class of prosperous families next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel |  | 10 |
| 8798322416 | deforestation | the removal of trees faster than forest can replace |  | 11 |
| 8798322417 | Holy Roman Empire | loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by princes |  | 12 |
| 8798322418 | Habsburg | a powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors, founded the Austrian Empire, and ruled 16th and 17th century Spain | 13 | |
| 8798322419 | English Civil War | a conflict over royal versus parliament rights, caused by King Charles I's arrest of his parliamentary critics and ending with his execution. it's outcome checked the growth of royal absolutism and, with the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the English Bill of Rights of 1689, ensures that England would be a constitutional monarchy | 14 | |
| 8798322420 | Versailles | A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette | 15 | |
| 8798322421 | balance of power | Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries. |  | 16 |
| 8798322422 | Renaissance European | a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity |  | 17 |
| 8798322423 | papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. |  | 18 |
