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AP World History Chapter 17 Flashcards

Transformation of the West

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313600923Niccolo Machiavellia statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)0
313600924humanismthe doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason1
313600925Northern Renaissancethe movement in Art in Germany and Flanders that reflected greater religious tones; , Emphasized Critical Thinking, Developed Christian Humanism criticizing the church & society, Painting/ Woodcuts/Literature2
313600926Francis 1renaissance king of France; stability; artistic flourishing; $ towards art, was a huge patron of the arts.3
313600927Johannes GutenbergGerman printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)4
313600928European-style FamilyEmerged in 15th century; involved later marriage age and a primary emphasis on the nuclear family.5
313600929Martin LutherGerman theologian who led the Reformation6
313600930Protestantismthe theological system of any of the churches of western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation7
313600931Anglican ChurchForm of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife; became increasingly Protestant following Henry's death8
313600932Jean CalvinFrench Protestant (16th century) who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group at Swiss canton of Geneva; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education; Calvinism spread from Switzerland to northern Europe and North America9
313600933Catholic ReformationReligious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline.10
313600934JesuitsAlso known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism.11
313600935edict of Nantes1598, decree promulgated at Nantes by King Henry IV to restore internal peace in France, which had been torn by the Wars of Religion; the edict defined the rights of the French Protestants12
313600936Thirty Years War(1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.13
313600937Treaty of WestphaliaEnded Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic14
313600938English Civil Warcivil war in England between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I15
313600939Scientific Revolutionan era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method16
313600940CopernicusPolish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)17
313600941GalileoItalian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)18
313600942William HarveyEnglishman who announced blood circulates throughout the body.19
313600943Rene Descartes17th century French philosopher; wrote Discourse on Method; 1st principle "i think therefore i am"; believed mind and matter were completly seperate; known as father of modern rationalism20
313600944Isaac NewtonEnglish mathematician and physicist21
313600945absolute monarchya system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power22
313600946Louis XIVking of France from 1643 to 171523
313600947parliamentary monarchyOriginated in England and Holland, 17th century, with kings partially checked by significant legislative powers in parliaments.24
313600948Frederick the GreatThis was the Prussian king who embraced culture and wrote poetry and prose. He gave religious and philosophical toleration to all subjects, abolished torture and made the laws simpler25
313600949Enlightenmenta movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions26
313600950Adam SmithScottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)27
313600951Mary WollstonecraftEnglish writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women28

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