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| 3354446756 | World Economy | Established by Europeans by the 16th century; based on control of seas, including the Atlantic and Pacific; created international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products | 0 | |
| 3354457783 | Cape of Good Hope | Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India | 1 | |
| 3354463989 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas | 2 | |
| 3354475048 | Ferdinand Magellan | 1480-1521 Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed Spain to claim Philippines | 3 | |
| 3354487558 | Dutch East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia; acted virtually independent government in regions it claimed | 4 | |
| 3354493550 | British East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed | 5 | |
| 3354501221 | Lepanto | Naval battle between the Spanish and Ottoman empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571 | 6 | |
| 3354506031 | Core nations | Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials | 7 | |
| 3354514308 | Mercantilism | Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th century and 18th centuries in Europe | 8 | |
| 3354523190 | Mestizos | People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor system | 9 | |
| 3354530735 | Vasco de Balboa | 1475-1519 First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains | 10 | |
| 3354542557 | Francisco Pizarro | Led conquest of Inca empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1450, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish | 11 | |
| 3354547204 | New France | French colonies in North America; extended from St. Lawrence along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system | 12 | |
| 3354553119 | Seven Years War | Fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America | 13 | |
| 3354564095 | Treaty of Paris | Arranged in 1763 following Seven Years War; granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar islands in Caribbean | 14 | |
| 3354570936 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire; by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus | 15 | |
| 3354582287 | Boers | Dutch settlers in Cape Colony, in southern Africa | 16 | |
| 3354584717 | Calcutta | Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal | 17 |
