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AP World History Chapter 18 Flashcards

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5746639086Africanization of ChristianityProcess that occurred in non-Muslim Africa, where millions who were converted to Christianity sought to maintain older traditions alongside new CHristian ideas; many converts continued using protective charms and medicines and consulting local medicine men, and many continued to believe in their old gods and spirits0
5746639087apartheidAfrikan term literally meaning "aparthood"; the system that developed in South Africa of strictly limiting the social and political integration of whites and blacks1
5746639088Berlin ConferenceEuropean leaders met to set up rules for colonizing Africa2
5746639089Blyden, EdwardProminent West African scholar and political leader (1832-1912) who argued that each civilization, including that of Africa, has its own unique contribution to make to the world3
5746639090cash-crop agricultureAgricultural production, often on a large scale, or crops for sale in the market, rather than for consumption by the farmers themselves4
5746639091colonial racisma pattern of European racism in the Asian and AFrican colonies that created a great racial divide between Europeans and the natives, and limited native access to education and the civil service, based especially on pseudo-scientific notions of naturally superior and inferior races5
5746639092colonial tribalisma European tendency, especially in African colonies, to identify and sometimes invent distinct "tribes" that had often not existed before, reinforcing European notions that African societies were primitive6
5746639093Congo Free State/ Leopold IILeopold II was king of Belgium from 1865-1909; his rule as private owner of the Congo Free State during much of that time is typically held up as the worst abuse of Europe's second wave of colonization, resulting as it did in millions of death7
5746639094cultivation systemsystem of forced labor used in the Netherlands East Indies in 19th century, peasants were required to cultivate at 20% of their land in cash crops, such as sugar and coffee, for sale at low and fixed prices to government contractors, who earned enormous profits from further sale of the crops8
5746639095European racisma new kind of racism that emerged in the 19th century that increasingly used the prestige and apparatus of science to support European racial prejudices and preferences9
5746639096Imperialismdomination of one country by the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region10
5746639097Indian Rebellion 1857-1858massive uprising of much of India against British rule; also called the Indian Mutiny or the Sepoy mutiny from the fact that the rebellion first broke out among Indian troops in British employ11
5746639098informal empiresterm commonly used to describe areas such as Latin America and China that were dominated by Western powers in the 19th century but that retained their own governments and a measure of independence12
5746639099invention of traditionsin many colonial states, a process of forging new ways of belonging and self-identification that defined and to some extent mythologized the region's past, especially to create broader terms of belonging than had existed before13
5746639100Rhodes, CecilBritish imperialist who represented Great Britain in southern Africa. Made a fortune from the control of diamond mines14
5746639101scramble for Africaname used for the process of the European's countries' partition of the continent of Africa between themselves in the period 1875-190015
5746639102SepoyIndian soldier in an army set up by the French or English East India Company16
5746639103Social Darwinismapplied to the idea of survival of the fittest to war and economic competitions; belief that some races were more "fit" than others17
5746639104Vivekananda, Swamileading religious figure of the 19th century India 91863-1902); advocate of a revived Hinduism and its mission to reach out to the spiritually impoverished West18
5746639105Western-educated elitethe main beneficiaries in Asian and African lands colonized by Western powers; schooled in the imperial power's language and practices, they moved into their country's professional classes but ultimately led anti colonial movements as they grew discouraged by their inability to win equal status to the colonizers19
5746639106White Man's burdenthe idea that it is the responsibility of people of European descent to take care of people of other races due to their perceived superior culture, technology, government, etc.20

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