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| 9142003086 | Taiping Uprising | Massive Chinese rebellion that devastated much of the country between 1850 and 1864; it was based on millenarian teachings. | 0 | |
| 9142023366 | Opium Wars | Two wars fought between Western powers and China (1839-1842 and 1856-1858) after China tried to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially opium; China lost both wars and was forced to amke major concessions. | 1 | |
| 9142060350 | Boxer Rebellion | Rising of Chinese militia organizations in 1900 in which large numbers of Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed. | 2 | |
| 9142080570 | Tanzimat reforms | Reform measures undertaken in the Ottoman Empire beginning in 1839. | 3 | |
| 9142091456 | Young Ottomans | Group of reformers in mid-nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire; they urged Westernizing reforms to the political system. | 4 | |
| 9142110391 | Young Turks | Movement of Turkish military and civilian elites that developed ca. 1900, eventually bringing down the Ottoman Empire. | 5 | |
| 9142129576 | Meiji restoration | The overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan in 1868, restoring power to the emperor Meiji. | 6 | |
| 9142159882 | Russo-Japanese War | 1904-1905 Japanese victory established them as a formidable military competitor in East Asia and led the Russian Revolution of 1905. | 7 | |
| 9142180841 | social Darwinism | An application of the concept of "survival of the fittest" to human history in the nineteenth century. | 8 |
