The Last Great Nomadic Challenges: From Chinggis Khan to Timur
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| 5819383800 | khanates | four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan | 0 | |
| 5819385146 | khagan | title of the supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes | 1 | |
| 5819390486 | Karakorum | capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan, 1162-1227 | 2 | |
| 5819391400 | Ilkhan khanate | One of the four portions of Chinggis Khan's empire that was ruled by Hulegu who was Chinggis Khan's grandson; khanate assigned the task of taking over the Middle East. (sacking of Baghdad and killing of the last Abassid caliph) | 3 | |
| 5819391401 | Hulegu | (1217-1265) Ruler of the Ilkhan khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad in 1257 | 4 | |
| 5819392635 | Baibars | (1223-1277) Commander of the Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians | 5 | |
| 5819392636 | White Lotus Society | secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule | 6 | |
| 5819395345 | Chinggis Khan | Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206;responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world | 7 | |
| 5819395346 | tumens | basic fighting units of the Mongol forces; consisted of 10,000 cavalrymen; each unit was further divided into units of 1000, 100, and 10 | 8 | |
| 5819396484 | Ogedei | (1186-1241) Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggis Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father's death | 9 | |
| 5819396485 | Batu | Ruler of Golden Horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for invasion of Russia beginning in 1236 | 10 | |
| 5819396486 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance | 11 | |
| 5819399968 | Kubilai Khan | (1215-1294) Grandson of Chinggis Khan; commander of Mongol forcesresponsible for conquest or China; became khagan in 1260; established Sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271 | 12 | |
| 5819401029 | Ju Yuanzhang | the given name of the Hongwu emperor; founder of the Ming dynasty | 13 | |
| 5819403647 | kuriltai | meeting of all Mongol chieftains at which the supreme ruler of all tribes was selected | 14 | |
| 5819405771 | Muhammad II Shah | Turkic ruler of Muslim Khwarazm; conquered by Mongols in 1220 | 15 | |
| 5819405772 | Golden Horde | One of the four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death, originally ruled by his grandson Batu; territory covered much of what is today south central Russia | 16 | |
| 5819407239 | John Prester | In legends popular from 12-17th century, a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom was cut off from Europe by Muslim conquests; Chinggis Khan was originally believed to be this mythical leader | 17 | |
| 5819407240 | Berke | (1257-1266) a ruler of the Golden Horde; converted to Islam; his threat to Hulegu combined with the growing power of Mamluks in Egypt forestalled further Mongol conquests in the Middle East | 18 | |
| 5819407241 | Chabi | Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese; died circa 1281 | 19 | |
| 5819409077 | Timur-i Lang | Also known as Tamerlane; leader of the Turkic nomads; beginning in 1360s from base at Samarkand , launched series of attacks in Persia, the Fertile Crescent, India, and southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 | 20 |
