Terms : Hide Images
| 6535350222 | Opium Wars | Two wars fought between Western powers and China (1839-1842 and 1856-1858) after China tried to restrict the importation of foreign goods, especially opium; China lost both wars and was forced to make major concessions. | 0 | |
| 6535350223 | Informal Empires | Term commonly used to describe areas that were dominated by Western powers in the nineteenth century but that retained their own governments and a measure of independence (e.g., Latin America and China). | 1 | |
| 6535350224 | Chinese Revolution of 1911-1912 | The collapse of China's imperial order, officially at the hands of organized revolutionaries but for the most part under the weight of the troubles that had overwhelmed the government for the previous half-century. | 2 | |
| 6535350225 | Boxer Uprising | Rising of Chinese militia organizations in 1900 in which large numbers of Europeans and Chinese Christians were killed. | 3 | |
| 6535350226 | Meiji Restoration | The political takeover of Japan in 1868 by a group of young samurai from southern Japan. The samurai eliminated the shogun and claimed they were restoring to power the young emperor, Meiji. The new government was committed to saving Japan from foreign domination by drawing upon what the modern West had to offer to transform Japanese society. | 4 | |
| 6535350227 | Commissioner Lin | Royal official (1785-1850) charged with ending the opium trade in Canton, his concerted efforts to seize and destroy opium imports provoked the Opium Wars. | 5 | |
| 6535350228 | Battle of Adowa | A battle between Italian and Ethiopian forces that took place in northern Ethiopia. A humiliating battle for the Italians, as the Ethiopian army defeated them and retained their independence against an era of rampant European empire building (at least, until Mussolini invaded in 1935). | 6 | |
| 6535350229 | Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905 | Ending in a Japanese victory, this war established Japan as a formidable military competitor in East Asia and precipitated the Russian Revolution of 1905. | 7 | |
| 6535350230 | Sultan Abd al-Hamid II | Ottoman sultan (r. 1876-1909) who accepted a reform constitution but then quickly suppressed it, ruling as a reactionary autocrat for the rest of his long reign. | 8 | |
| 6535350231 | self-strengthening movement | China's program of internal reform in the 1860s and 1870s, based on vigorous application of Confucian principles and limited borrowing from the West. | 9 | |
| 6535350232 | Taiping Uprising | Massive Chinese rebellion that devastated much of the country between 1850 and 1864; it was based on the millenarian teachings of Hong Xiuquan. | 10 | |
| 6535350233 | "the sick man of Europe" | Western Europe's unkind nickname for the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a name based on the sultans' inability to prevent Western takeover of many regions and to deal with internal problems; it failed to recognize serious reform efforts in the Ottoman state during this period. | 11 | |
| 6535350234 | Tanzimat | Important reform measures undertaken in the Ottoman Empire beginning in 1839; the term "Tanzimat" means "reorganization." | 12 | |
| 6535350235 | Tokugawa Japan | Rulers of Japan from 1600 to 1868. | 13 | |
| 6535350236 | unequal treaties | Series of nineteenth-century treaties in which China made major concessions to Western powers. | 14 | |
| 6535350237 | Young Ottomans | Group of would-be reformers in the mid-nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire that included lower-level officials, military officers, and writers; they urged the extension of Westernizing reforms to the political system. | 15 | |
| 6535350238 | Young Turks | Movement of Turkish military and civilian elites that developed ca. 1900, eventually bringing down the Ottoman Empire. | 16 |
