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| 8843907917 | what began to replace wind and water as energy sources for labor saving machines | coal and steam | 0 | |
| 8843929573 | where did large numbers of people move to from the countryside | to cities for the factories | 1 | |
| 8843932013 | where did the Industrial Revolution begin | Great Britain in 1750 | 2 | |
| 8843939931 | improvements in agricultural practices in the 18th century led to what | more food so now even ordinary british farms could spend money on things other than food | 3 | |
| 8843946432 | the revolutions of the 17th century helped political power fall into the hands of who | a progressive group of people who favored innovation | 4 | |
| 8843951054 | British exports __________ from 1660-1760 | quadrupled | 5 | |
| 8844006452 | traditional methods of the _____ ______ could not keep up with the need for clothes so they sought new methods | cottage industry | 6 | |
| 8844019452 | flying shuttle | made weaving on a loom faster and doubled the output. But this led to shortages in yarn | 7 | |
| 8844024691 | spinning jenny | created by James Hargreaves in 1768 which allowed spinners to produce more yarn | 8 | |
| 8844028598 | steam engine | created by a scottish engineer named James Watt. an engine powered by steam could pump water from mines three times as quickly as previous engines | 9 | |
| 8844044955 | what did James Watt develop in 1782 | a rotary engine that could turn a shaft. | 10 | |
| 8844069646 | cotton became one of Britains biggest products. how much did they import in 1760 vs. 1840? | 1760: 2.5 million pounds 1840: 366 million pounds | 11 | |
| 8844072341 | Henry Cort | developed a system called puddling | 12 | |
| 8844075677 | puddling | where coke (derived from coal) could be used to burn away impurities in pig iron and produce an iron of high quality | 13 | |
| 8844089768 | in 1852 what was produced in Britain that was more than the rest of the world combined | iron. they produced 3 million tons of it | 14 | |
| 8844092786 | Richard Trevithick | 1804. pioneered the first steam powered locomotive on an industrial rail line in southern wales. it pulled ten tons of ore and 70 people at 5 miles an hour | 15 | |
| 8844098303 | George Stephenson | him an his son build the Rocket which was used on the first public rail line in 1830. it went at 16 miles an hour and within 20 years it was at 50 mph | 16 | |
| 8844137156 | true or false. britain now had 6000 miles of railroads. this led to a large effect on economy due to the many new job opportunities | true | 17 | |
| 8844159821 | factory owners wanted loads of efficiency. so they created a new labor system. they instituted minute and detailed regulations. what were some of the things people could get fired for | being late, going home early and getting drunk | 18 | |
| 8844189090 | how were children disciplined in factories | by beatings | 19 | |
| 8844191820 | britain produced half of the worlds _________ | coal | 20 | |
| 8844194053 | where were the first industrialized places in the continent of Europe | Belgium, France and German states | 21 | |
| 8844201027 | true or false. continental business men were more enterprising that the British ones. they took a lot of risks | false | 22 | |
| 8844214950 | how did the continental countries achieve their technological independence | they started to establish a wide range of technical schools to train mechanics and such | 23 | |
| 8844221505 | how was the government involved in the continental states of europe vs. britain | in the states they were more involved. the often awarded grants to investors to make railroads | 24 | |
| 8844227859 | Joint Stock Investment Bank | banks that pooled the savings of investors and created a supply of capital that could be plowed back into industry | 25 | |
| 8844234638 | the most important system in America was the railroads, how many miles did they have | 27000 miles | 26 | |
| 8844242659 | where did most of the labor for the factories in America come from | rural new england | 27 | |
| 8844249989 | women were _____% of the labor force and factory owners often sought for families to work | 80 | 28 | |
| 8844253068 | Some European states like India and Russia did what during the industrial revolution | they deliberately had a policy of preventing the growth of industry | 29 | |
| 8844263506 | how did Europe thwart India's growth | in the 18th century India was one of the greatest exports of cotton but in the 19th century it fell under the British East India Company and most weaver were unemployed | 30 | |
| 8844294211 | Britains major city in the 1800's was London. what was its population in 1800 and 1850 | -one million -2,363,000 | 31 | |
| 8844301269 | what were the living conditions in Britain during the industrial revolution | -they were small and crowded -sewers and open drains made unsanitary conditions -didn't really deal with human waste -soot everywhere | 32 | |
| 8844310363 | cities were death traps in Great Britain. how did they keep surviving | due to the constant influx of people from the country | 33 | |
| 8844317390 | what did the nw industrial class consist of | the people who constructed, purchased and worked out factories. they were often greedy | 34 | |
| 8844323591 | industrial proletariat | factory workers formed this class that was most of the working class | 35 | |
| 8844329059 | where were some of the worst places to work in the industrial revolution | -cotton mills: the temperature -coal mines: cave ins, explosions, gas fumes, short. | 36 | |
| 8844336797 | how did Kids work in the industrial revolutions | their labor was exploited. especially in cotton factories because they had delicate fingers. children were a cheap supply of labor. they were only paid 1/6-1/3 of what men made. | 37 | |
| 8844351249 | in 1830 women and children made up 2/3 of the cotton industry. why did this change | the factory act of 1833 reduced child employees. But women took their place | 38 | |
| 8844358358 | terrible conditions gave rise to a movement known as socialism. what is this | this term was eventually associated with Marxist analysis of human society. but early socialism was largely the product of intellects who believed in the equality of all people | 39 | |
| 8844366262 | utopian socialists | a name for people who believed in socialism. they were labeled this by people who thought socialism was impractical | 40 | |
| 8844370353 | Robert Owen | British cotton manufacturer who transformed a squalid factory town into a healthy community in New Lanark Scotland. but this failed in New Harmony Indiana | 41 | |
| 8844379446 | trade unions | formed by skilled workers who wanted to gain decent wages and working conditions. some went on strike | 42 | |
| 8844408497 | what was the most successful trade union | the Amalgamated society of engineers in 1851. Its provisions of generous unemployment benefits in return for a small weekly payment was good | 43 | |
| 8844427585 | what was the first major change in industrialization after 1870? | the substitution of steel for iron. it was lighter, smaller and and created much faster machines and engines | 44 | |
| 8844436542 | what was a new form of energy that could be converted into other forms | electricity. the first commercially practical generators of electric current was in the 1870s | 45 | |
| 8844446054 | when did hydroelectric power stations and coal fired steam generating plants enable homes to be tied into a single power sourc e | 1910 | 46 | |
| 8844448778 | Thomas Edison and Briton Joseph Swan | created the lightbulb | 47 | |
| 8844450826 | Alexander Graham Bell | created the telephone in 1876 | 48 | |
| 8844453128 | Guglielmo Marconi | sent first radio waves across the atlantic in 1901 | 49 | |
| 8844462458 | the development of internal combustion engine, fired by oil and gas provided what | power in transportation and led to ocean liners and airplanes | 50 | |
| 8844465154 | Henry Ford | revolutionized the car industry with the model T | 51 | |
| 8844474445 | Orville and Wilbur Wright | in Kitty Hawk NC, they made the first flight with a fixed wing airplane | 52 | |
| 8844481812 | when was the first airplane passenger service | 1919 | 53 | |
| 8844491852 | new consumer wages+lower prices= | easier to buy consumer products | 54 | |
| 8844495754 | who replaced Great Britain as industrial leader in Europe | Germany | 55 | |
| 8844498567 | Europe was divided into 2 economic zones. what were they | 1. GB, Belgium, France, Netherlands, Germany and North Italy: advanced 2. South Italy, Austria Hungary, Spain, Portugal and the Balkans: all agricultural | 56 | |
| 8844533736 | what led to incentives for investors | high rates of returns like from Latin America to London with a 11.3% rate | 57 | |
| 8844540928 | who dominated the world economy by the 20th century | Europe | 58 | |
| 8844549833 | Sergei Witte | the minister for finance of Russia. he pushed the government towards a program of railroad construction. he also made possible the rapid growth of modern steel and coal. He made Russia the 4th largest producer of Steel | 59 | |
| 8844570559 | Russia was turning out half the worlds ___________ | oil | 60 | |
| 8844573367 | Japan in the industrial revolution | the imperial government took lead in promoting industry. they instituted a universal education system applied on science | 61 | |
| 8844590384 | working class men argued they should keep women out of factories to ensure the moral well being of families. but if husbands were unemployed what did women ahve to do | they had to work low wage jobs | 62 | |
| 8844597052 | true or false. the second industrial revolution led to open doors for women | true | 63 | |
| 8844630542 | the jobs offered what to women in the 2nd industrial revolution | more freedom from domestic patterns. it was an escape from the physical labor of the lower class world | 64 | |
| 8844633465 | Marxism | first appeared on the eve of revolutions of 1848 with the publication of a short treatise called the communist manifesto | 65 | |
| 8844643276 | communist manifesto | written by Marx and Friedrich Engels. they believed that the government was an instrument of the ruling class (the oppressors) and the ones dependent on them were the oppressed. believed society was splitting into bourgeoisie and proletariat | 66 | |
| 8844679134 | German Social democratic party | espoused Marxist rhetoric while organizing itself as a mass political party competing in elections for Reichstag . they sought to pass legislation to improve social conditions and they grew | 67 | |
| 8844727101 | what became the largest german party in 1912 | the social democratic party | 68 | |
| 8844730113 | in 1889 leaders of social parties did what | formed an association of national socialist groups that would eventually become capitalism | 69 | |
| 8844733332 | when is May Day | may first | 70 | |
| 8844736067 | Marxist parties were divided over what | revisionism | 71 | |
| 8844738510 | what did pure marxists believe in | a complete overthrow of capitalism | 72 | |
| 8844740590 | revisionists | did not believe in revolutionary socialism but of worker should organize mass political parities and work together to reform | 73 | |
| 8844748687 | when did unions win the right to strike in Great Britain | 1870s | 74 | |
| 8844755476 | the great powers of GB, Austria, Prussia and Russia did what in september of 1814 | the met at the congress of VIenna to arrange a final peace after the Napoleonic wars | 75 | |
| 8844757987 | Prince Klemens Von Metternich | austrian foreign minister who became the leader of the congress of vienna. he claimed he was guided by the principle of legitimacy | 76 | |
| 8844765199 | principle of legitamacy | believed they should restore the legitamate monarchs | 77 | |
| 8844772173 | Metternich and his followers were representatives of the ideology known as conservatism. what did they believe | they believed in political authority, having an organized religion, disliked revolutions and were unwilling to accept either the liberal demands for civil liberties | 78 | |
| 8844777724 | concert of Europe | Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria (later France) agreed to meet periodically in conferences to take steps that would maintain peace. they adopted intervention | 79 | |
| 8844787880 | intervention | asserting the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions to restore legitimate monarchs to their thrones | 80 | |
| 8844798975 | liberalism | owed much to the enlightenment of the 18th century and the America/french revolutions. based on the idea that people should be as free from restraint as possible | 81 | |
| 8844804902 | how were liberals not democrats | liberals believed only white men who owned property should vote | 82 | |
| 8844807338 | nationalism | arose out of an awareness of being part of a community that has common customs. It became popular after the french revolution. | 83 | |
| 8844815280 | in the 2nd half to the 19th century a louder what was formed | nationalism that divided people and caused competition | 84 | |
| 8851929199 | In 1830 what did France establish | a limited constitutional monarchy/bourgeois monarchy | 85 | |
| 8851932193 | how did Great Britain avoid a revolution | with a reform bill in 1832 which benefited a lot of upper middle class voters | 86 | |
| 8851938759 | what three countries used nationalism to fight and which one was the only one that worked | 1. Belgium against the dutch (it worked) 2. Poles against the Russians (lost) 3. Italians against Austrians (lost) | 87 | |
| 8851951480 | what about the government angered the members of the middle class in 1848 france | their refusal to extend suffrage | 88 | |
| 8851956679 | France overthrew their monarchy on February 24th, 1848. what did they establish | a group of moderate and radical republicans established a provisional government and called for an election by universal male suffrage of a "constituent assembly" to create a constitution | 89 | |
| 8851967651 | a new constitution for france established what on November fourth, 1848 | a 2nd republic with a single legislature elected to a 3 year term by universal male suffrage and a president elected to a four year term | 90 | |
| 8851975721 | who won as president first in France's 2nd republic and what did he do | Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (nephew of Napoleon). four years later he became emperor and established an authoritarian regime | 91 | |
| 8851990465 | what is the Vienna Settlement | in 1815 it recognized the existence of 38 sovereign states in what was once the Holy Roman Empire | 92 | |
| 8851994714 | frankfurt assembly | an all German parliament to fulfill a liberal and nationalist dream. but they failed because the members had no real means of compelling German rulers to call up a constitution and revolution failed | 93 | |
| 8852008975 | the austrian empire consisted of many different nationalities. Germans were only _______% of the population even though they were dominant | 25 | 94 | |
| 8852023562 | eventually the foreign minister of Austrian, Metterich. which of the nationalities received their own legislature and army | hungary | 95 | |
| 8852026329 | in 1848 which nationalities were suppressed by Austrian Military forces | Czech rebels in prague and rebels in Vienna | 96 | |
| 8852038303 | Young Italy | a movement in Italy led to initially successful revolts. But in 1849 Austrains had reestablished complete control | 97 | |
| 8852054034 | the Eastern Question | troubled European diplomats on what they should do with the ottomans and their rebels | 98 | |
| 8852060513 | who wanted to gain from the Ottoman empires downfall? | Russia, Austria, France and Britain | 99 | |
| 8852066790 | lead up to the Crimean war | -greeks revolted against turks -france and british fleet destroyed a turkish fleet -russians declare war on Ottomans -Greece became an independent kingdom -Russia demands for the right to protect christian shrines in palestine and they refused | 100 | |
| 8852079517 | Crimean war | -Russians invaded Moldavia and Wallachia -war declared on october 4th 1853 -a year later Britain and france declared war on Russia -after a long siege the Main Russian fortress at Sevastopol fell -treaty of paris ended it | 101 | |
| 8852095145 | the Crimean war was costly. what percent of people died from disease out of the 250,000 | 60% | 102 | |
| 8852096588 | Florence Nightingale | a nurse who insisted on sanitary conditions that saved many and helped make nursing profession for women | 103 | |
| 8852105756 | how did the Crimean War destroy the concert of powers | austria was now an enemy because they helped Russia. Russia withdrew from politics for 20 years. Great Britain left it and Austria was without enemies. So Italy and Germany unified | 104 | |
| 8852116776 | who were the first to benefit from the breakdown of the concert of european powers | italy | 105 | |
| 8852123080 | King Victor Emmanuel the 2nd and Camillo Di Cavour | king named count Camillo prime minister in 1852. he pursued a policy of economic expansion that increased gov. revenues and enabled a large army. he made an ally of french emperor Louis Napoleon and then provoked austria to invade. He defeated the Austrians | 106 | |
| 8852145550 | Giuseppe Garibaldi | raised an Italian army of 1000 volunteers called the red shirts. they moved upwards and when Naples fell he turned his conquests over to Cavours forces | 107 | |
| 8852153807 | how did the new kingdom of Italy grow | -in the Austro Prussian war they got Venetia -in the Franco-Prussian war they got Rome which became the capital | 108 | |
| 8852160973 | who did King William the first appoint as prime minister in Prussia in the 1860s and why | Otto Von Bismarck. the legislative refused to levy new taxes and he new Bismarck would ignore their refusals | 109 | |
| 8852181695 | who was the ultimate realist, the practitioner of realpolitik (politics of reality) | Otto Von Bismarck | 110 | |
| 8852203171 | Prussia, after their loss to the Austrians in 1866, began to organize the German states north of the main river as what | North German Confederation | 111 | |
| 8852209515 | true or false. southern german states remained independent but made alliances with Prussia out of fear of France | true | 112 | |
| 8852217923 | why did Prussia and France get into a fight in 1870 | over the candidacy of a relative of the Prussian king for the throne of spain. Bismarck manipulated them into war and then sided with Prussia | 113 | |
| 8852231077 | who won the war between France and Prussia | Prussian armies advanced at Sedan and captured a french army and Napoleon the third himself. Paris was caught later and france had to pay an indemnity of 5 billion francs | 114 | |
| 8852246139 | after the south states agreed to join the north german confederation. who was proclaimed the emperor/kaiser of the 2nd German Empire | William the first in the hall of mirrors in Louis XIV's palace at Versailles | 115 | |
| 8852253814 | what did the Prussian leadership of German unification mean | the triumph of authoritarian militaristic values over liberal, constitutional settlements in the development of a german state | 116 | |
| 8852280135 | who represented the british sense of national pride | Queen Victoria (the victorian age in the mid 19th century ) | 117 | |
| 8852287066 | Tories and Whigs | the tories (liberals) talked of passing additional reform legislation but the tories (conservatives) carried it out in britain | 118 | |
| 8852293055 | Benjamin Disraeli | tory leader who helped the reform act of 1867 which was an important step to a democracy | 119 | |
| 8852300781 | the election of right to vote forced what | the liberals and conservatives to organize to manipulate the electorate | 120 | |
| 8852312500 | France: 4 years of Louis Napoleons election he turned to the people to restore the empire in britain so what did he do | 97% of the people liked the idea. so he took the title of Napoleon the third | 121 | |
| 8852325584 | true or false. the first five years of Napoleon the thirds reign was horrible. iron production was low and the construction of Paris was stopped | false. iron production was 3x as much and he undertook the construction of paris | 122 | |
| 8852360664 | when did Napoleon the third opposition grow so what did he do | in the 1860s. e gave the legislative corps more say in affairs of the state and he liberalized his rule. | 123 | |
| 8852376481 | on may 1870 on whether to accept a new constitution to inaugurate a parliamentary regime, the french gave napoleon another victory. but war with Prussia brought Napoleon out and what was established | a republic | 124 | |
| 8852388186 | Ausgleich | a compromise made in 1867. it created a dual monarchy of Austria and Hungary | 125 | |
| 8852395546 | who held the Austrian Hungary compromise together | Francis Joseph. he was an emperor of Austria and the king of Hungary but this did not satisfy all nationalities | 126 | |
| 8852408275 | the defeat in the crimean wars caused Tsar Alexander the 2nd to make reforms such as the emancipation edict. what is this | the biggest problem in russia was the serfdom. so this allowed peasants to own land and marry. the government would buy land from landlords and give it to the peasants even though the land was often inadequate and this led to unhappy peasants | 127 | |
| 8852462908 | how were peasants not completely free with the emancipation edict | they had to pay state in long term installments and to ensure payment peasants were subject to the authority of the mir | 128 | |
| 8852468040 | mir | village commune in russia who were often reluctant to let the peasants leave their land | 129 | |
| 8852474830 | a group of radicals killed Alexander the 2nd in 1881. who took over | his the Alexander the 3rd who turned against reforms | 130 | |
| 8852481662 | mainly where did Mass politics become real | western European states | 131 | |
| 8852495006 | by 1918 who could vote in Great Britain | all males above 21 and women above 30 | 132 | |
| 8852499338 | in 1871 what type of system did Great Britain have | 2 party parliamentary system | 133 | |
| 8852511377 | the growth of trade unions and the emergence of the labor party caused the liberals to realize what | they they would have to create a program of social welfare or lose the support of workers so they voted for a series of reforms | 134 | |
| 8852527691 | national insurance act of 1911 | provided benefits for workers. additional legislation provided small pension for britons over the age of 70 and compensation for those injured.this was the first step towards welfare | 135 | |
| 8852544774 | in 1875 France, they established a republican form of government that consisted of what | -legislative -upper house -senate -chamber of deputies -a president -a premier(prime minister) | 136 | |
| 8852554112 | premier | a french prime minister who was not responsible to the president | 137 | |
| 8852565230 | why was France's third parliamentary system weak | it had dozens of political parties who forced the premier to depend on the coalition of parties to stay in power | 138 | |
| 8852574103 | what thwarted the senses of national unity in france | sectional differences | 139 | |
| 8852577396 | the constitution of the new imperial germany in 1871 provided a what | bicameral legislature | 140 | |
| 8852584663 | reichstag | lower house of german parliament elected on male suffrage | 141 | |
| 8852593547 | by the end of Emperor William the 2nds reign how many people worked in industry vs. agriculture | 50% in industry and 30% in agriculture | 142 | |
| 8852609814 | 2 powerful groups supported William the 2nds activist policy to avoid democracy in germany. what were they | anti socialist and anti liberal | 143 | |
| 8852612534 | anti-semitism | denouncing the jews as the destroyers of a german national community | 144 | |
| 8852632028 | true or false. nationalities of austria wanted autonomy despite the universal male suffrage | true | 145 | |
| 8852645238 | Westernizers | Russian intellectuals who believed that the western ways were the solutions to russians problems | 146 | |
| 8852648343 | slavophiles | maintained the russian tsarist system were superior to west | 147 | |
| 8852651885 | anarchists | believed that small groups of well trained fanatical revolutionaries could perpetrate so much violence that the state and all its institutions would disintegrate . they favored assassination and killed tsar alexander the 2nd | 148 | |
| 8852694654 | where did the Marxist social democratic power hold its first congress | in Minsk in 1898s but the arrest of its leaders made the next one in brussels in 1903 | 149 | |
| 8852705482 | when did the growing opposition to the tsar explode into revolution | 1905 | 150 | |
| 8852712102 | how did Nicholas the 2nd stop the revolution or hold it off in russia | he granted civil liberties and created the puma (legislative assembly) | 151 | |
| 8852731809 | fearful of a possible anti-german alliance, Bismark made an alliance with who | Austria hungary and they both agreed to help each other in an attack from Russia and later italy joined (Triple alliance) | 152 | |
| 8852749967 | who took over the direction of Germany's foreign policy and dropped the treaty with Russia | Emperor William the 2nd | 153 | |
| 8852753810 | Triple Entente | France, Russia and Britain who made an alliance in 1907 | 154 | |
| 8852762308 | in 1861 Moldova and Wallachia formed what but it was not recognized as independent until Russians defeat of the ottomans | Romania | 155 | |
| 8852780582 | in 1908 Austria did what to the slavic speaking people of Bosnia and Herzegovina | annexed them | 156 | |
| 8852789453 | the annexation of slavic speaking people by the austrians angered who and why | Serbia because they wanted a large Serbian kingdom but that is exactly why the Austrians annexed them | 157 | |
| 8852806802 | the russians supported the serbians and slavic speaking people but why did they back down? | William the 2nd demanded that Russia accept the annexation or they would face war with Germany. so they backed down but declared revenge on them | 158 | |
| 8852816332 | the serbian nationalists blamed who for the lack of the Serbian kingdom | the persians | 159 |
