chapter 19: The Increasing Influence of Europe
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| 7866000797 | Hanseatic League | a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas | 0 | |
| 7866002436 | three estates | three classes in France before the Revolution | 1 | |
| 7866002437 | chivalry | the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code | 2 | |
| 7866003269 | guilds | association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 3 | |
| 7866004381 | Thomas Aquinas | scholastic theologian that argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by logical argument. | 4 | |
| 7866004382 | pilgrimage | a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes | 5 | |
| 7866006472 | Leif Erikson | viking Explorer, 1st to discover North America, before Columbus | 6 | |
| 7866006473 | reconquista | a long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain | 7 | |
| 7866007331 | fourth crusade | a Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem | 8 |
