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| 4905752483 | Origin of Species | A work published by Charles Darwin that argues the time frame for all biological life was far longer than most people had suposed | 0 | |
| 4905752484 | Natural Selection | The process by which biological veriations that enhance a populations species ability to survive became dominant in that species | 1 | |
| 4905752485 | Evolution | Changes formed in plants and animals to form new species | 2 | |
| 4905862396 | Fossils of human remains found in Africa or Asia | Java man (found in Southeast Asia) Peking man (found near Beijing) AUSTRALOPITHECUS africanus (walked upright and brain was ape sized) | 3 | |
| 4905862397 | Australopithecines | Several extinct species of human like primates during the Pleistocene era. There are different from primates and have characteristics that help them survive | 4 | |
| 4905862398 | Hominids | Family that includes humans and human primates | 5 | |
| 4905862399 | Traits that distinguish humans and apes | 1. Bipedalism-Walking on two legs 2. Very large brains which allows humans to think and feel emotion 3. Location of larynx (voice box) it lies lower on the neck than other primates | 6 | |
| 4905980205 | Great Ice Age | Or Pleistocene era where large numbers of species evolved | 7 | |
| 4905980206 | Homo habillis | 1st human species | 8 | |
| 4905980207 | Homo erectus | Extinct species 2 million years ago. First species to inhabit all parts of Africa | 9 | |
| 4905980208 | Homo sapiens | Current human species. Over time the homo genus evolved and each new species showed a distinct trait. They also spread outward an African homeland | 10 | |
| 4905980209 | As humans migrated evolutionary changes occurred which caused..... | Culturally diverse communities | 11 | |
| 4906107975 | Stone Age | Period with the production of tools from stone and other non metallic substances | 12 | |
| 4906107976 | Paleolithic | (Old Stone Age) period of Stone Age with evolution of humans | 13 | |
| 4906107977 | Neolithic | (New Stone Age) associated with aggriculture | 14 | |
| 4906107978 | First crude tools | Made by Homo habilis out of stone and found in Great Rift Valley | 15 | |
| 4906107981 | Foragers | Hunting and food gathering people | 16 | |
| 4906222229 | Cooked food | Created by WILDFIRES | 17 | |
| 4906222230 | Human family | Two parents one male (hunter) and one female (gatherer) | 18 | |
| 4906222231 | Clothes and shelter | Clothes were made by animal skins in early times and clothes and shelters depended on the conditions on which the lived | 19 | |
| 4906222232 | Science (during the Stone Age) | Knowledge was needed to survive! Gatherers needed to know local plants and their seasons. Hunters needed to know the animal they were hunting. People needed to know medicine | 20 | |
| 4906222233 | Art (during the Stone Age) | Cave drawings featured animals and were meant to record hunting scenes or were part of some religious rite for a better hunting season. Other drawings included people in animal skins. | 21 | |
| 4906406333 | Religion (during the Stone Age) | Some cave drawings suggested that the people believed in an afterlife but there's no proof | 22 | |
| 4906406334 | Agriculture revolution | Central change in food production and agriculture grew independently in different places caused by global climate. | 23 | |
| 4906406335 | Tools used for agriculture | Stone heads to work the soil Stone chips and imbedded bone to cut grain Stone mortars to pulverize grain Fire to get rid of unwanted growth | 24 | |
| 4906406336 | Crops | First domesticated in Middle East. The oldest traces of food production are in Africa in the Sahara | 25 | |
| 4906406337 | Crops all over the world | Europe- wheat and barley in Saharan Africa- domesticated grain and yams Asia- RICE (China), beans, green grams and black grams(India) Americas-Corn, potatoes, quinoa, tomatoes, peppers, squash | 26 | |
| 4906406339 | Animals domesticated all over the world | Africa-pigs China-water buffalo India-humped back Zebu, cattle, buffalo, and pigs Americas-llamas | 27 | |
| 4906406340 | Pastoralism | A way of life dependent on large herds of stock | 28 | |
| 4906406341 | Holocene | Geological era since Great Ice Age | 29 | |
| 4906516233 | Researchers believe climate change..... | Drove people to abandon hunting and go to agriculture and Pastoralism | 30 | |
| 4906516234 | Farming communities were organized around.... | Kinship and marriage | 31 | |
| 4906516235 | Religion influenced food production | Food gatherers centered around sacred groves and gods (Earth Mother, sky god, etc) | 32 | |
| 4906516236 | Megaliths | "Big stones" megalith burial stones provided evidence in am ancestor cult | 33 | |
| 4906516237 | Neolithic period contributed to the formation of | Language families | 34 | |
| 4916250335 | The most important factor that grew civilization... | Agriculture revolution | 35 | |
| 4916250336 | Indicators that describes civilization | Cities with administrators Political system where power is decided by wealth Engaging in activities that don't involve food Advances in science and art Conducting of long distance trade | 36 | |
| 4916250337 | Mesopotamia | "Land between waters" Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Home of the Sumerians Land is fertile and wet | 37 | |
| 4916250338 | Fertile Crescent | First domestication of plants and animals in the region of Syria and southern Anatolia | 38 | |
| 4916250339 | CUNEIFORM | FIRST SYSTEM OF WRITING FORMED BY SUMERIANS****** | 39 | |
| 4916250340 | HAMMURABI'S CODE | FIRST WRITTEN CODE OF LAW-an eye for an eye*** | 40 | |
| 4916250341 | Harappa and Mojenjo-Daro | Indus River in india | 41 | |
| 4916250342 | Mesopotamia had three classes of people | Free land owning class (royals, officials, Warriors, priests) Farmers and artisans Slaves | 42 | |
| 4916250343 | Women had a certain amount of rights | No political roles but could own land and work outside home | 43 | |
| 4916250344 | City states | Large independent cities that control land next to it. They would often fight each other for land | 44 | |
| 4916250345 | Egypt | Upper and lower being where the river empties into Mediterranean | 45 | |
| 4916354033 | Nile river | There was often flooding. People depended on it for water Supplied resources GOLD | 46 | |
| 4916354034 | Pharoh | The king/god of Egypt | 47 | |
| 4916354035 | Hieroglyphics | Pictures and symbols used instead of words | 48 | |
| 4916354036 | Egyptian government | Often tense and not strong | 49 | |
| 4916354037 | Egyptian religion | 2 significant gods Sun god (rai) After life (Osiris) | 50 | |
| 4916354038 | 3 general classes of Egyptians | Rulers Officials, priests, artisans Peasants Slaves | 51 | |
| 4916354039 | Rivers of China | Yellow river & Yangzi river and others rivers from them contributed to agriculture and precious minerals | 52 | |
| 4916354040 | Shang dynasty | 1st dynasty. Warriors that settled in the yellow river valley | 53 | |
| 4924432237 | Zhou dynasty | Ended the Shang dynasty in 11 century B.C.E. Depended on the Wei river | 54 | |
| 4916431024 | Divination | To Ascertain the will of the gods. Sacrifices were used | 55 | |
| 4916431025 | Shangs used bronze | Found in tombs and used for weapons and armor | 56 | |
| 4916431026 | Pictograms | Phonetic symbols representing syllables and used hundreds of signs | 57 | |
| 4916431027 | Mandate of heaven | The ruler was chosen and favored by the supreme deity and would retain this backing as long as he served as a wise, principle, and energetic guardian | 58 | |
| 4916431028 | Legalism | Th wealth and power of state and its demands for obedience | 59 | |
| 4923955148 | Confucius (Kongzi) | Lived through the political flux and social change of the anxious time. His teachings had roots in the Chinese belief and incorporated ancestors and elders and worship of the Zhou deity Heaven. | 60 | |
| 4923955149 | Males were valued over women | They were allowed to arrange marriages, sell labor, have sex with whomever, etc | 61 | |
| 4923955150 | Daoism | "Warrior states period" pacifists who avoided fighting at all costs | 62 | |
| 4923955151 | Late Bronze Age "Cosmopolitan Era" | Meaning in one which elements of culture and lifestyle were widely shared among different groups. It was divided out two political zones-Assyrians in the northwest and Babylonians in the south | 63 | |
| 4923955152 | Hittites | Speakers of an in Indo-European language language which became foremost power in Anatolia from 1700 to 1200 B.C.E. | 64 | |
| 4924432238 | New kingdom Egypt | "Prince of foreign land" ruled Egypt during 1640 B.C.E. INNOVATION Egyptians and Hittites fought over Syria Palestine for trade | 65 | |
| 4924432239 | Hatshepsut | Queen of the Pharaoh Tuthmosis II and when he died she took over the trone | 66 | |
| 4924539030 | Akhenaten | "Beneficial to the Athen". People credited him with the invention of monotheism. After his death, the old ways were restored with a vengeance | 67 | |
| 4924539031 | Ramesses II | Ruled for 60 years and dominated his age. He undertook monumental building projects all over Egypt | 68 | |
| 4924432240 | Transportation in Egypt | Horses, chariots, camels (wheels) | 69 | |
| 4924539032 | Nubia | A thousand d mile stretch of the Nile valley lying between Aswan and Khartoum. For thousands of years, it has served as a corridor for trade between Africa and the Mediterranean | 70 | |
| 4924539033 | Nubians transitioned from...to.... | Seminomadic hunting and gathering to a settled life based on grain and agriculture and cattle herding | 71 | |
| 4924539034 | Kush | The kingdom whose capital was located at kerma, one of the earliest urbanization centers in tropical Africa. Very good craftsmen | 72 | |
| 4924651797 | Penetration of Kush | Egyptians destroyed Kush and its capital and built new headquarters. They left Egyptian culture, language, and religion to the Nubians | 73 | |
| 4924651798 | Meroe | The center of gravity in Egypt that was better situated for agriculture and trade. The people abandoned hieroglyphics and took up the meroitic language | 74 | |
| 4924651799 | Woman were very influencial | Nubia was run by queens and had a matrilineal system | 75 | |
| 4924651800 | Minoans | Prosperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete. Engaged in commerce around Mediterranean and had powerful culture influence on Greeks | 76 | |
| 4924651801 | Frescoes | Paintings done on a moist plaster surface | 77 | |
| 4924651802 | Mycenae | Site of a fortified palace complex in southern Greece that controlled Late Bronze Age. First site to be excavated and had a lot of contact between Greek kingdoms. | 78 | |
| 4924748906 | Linear B | Uses pictorial signs to represent syllables | 79 | |
| 4924748907 | Shaft graves | Contains bodies of men, women, and children that were filled with gold jewelry and ornaments, weapons and utensils | 80 | |
| 4924748908 | The Mycenaeans could trade long distance because of.... | Their sea faring skills (exported weapons and craft goods, imported jewels, gold, copper, tin) | 81 | |
| 4924748909 | The late Bronze Age fell due to.... | A "Dark Age" (period of poverty, isolation, and loss of knowledge that lasted for centuries) | 82 |
