Early Civilization Paleolithic
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| 440402464 | Approximately, how long has an essentially human species existed? | 2.5 million years ago | 0 | |
| 440402465 | Define Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) | Ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for substances. | 1 | |
| 440402466 | Describe 3 key features or characteristics of the Paleolithic Age: | Hunting and gathering, simple tools, and growing brain capacity | 2 | |
| 440402467 | Define homoerectus | Upright, tool using humans. | 3 | |
| 440402468 | Approximately how long ago did the newest human breed (homosapien sapiens) originate? | 120,000 years ago | 4 | |
| 440402469 | Why were hunting groups so small? | So that there was enough food for everyone in the group. | 5 | |
| 440402470 | What was one reason given to why population growth was so slow during the late Paleolithic Age? | When migrating parents could only care for one child. | 6 | |
| 440402471 | Paleolithic people gradually improved their tool use. What were the several other key developments by the Paleolithic people? | Culture, spreading of species over Earth, languages and belief systems. | 7 | |
| 440402472 | What did the development of speech provide? | It enabled humans to communicate beyond sounds and gestures. | 8 | |
| 440402473 | Where did the Paleolithic people originate? | East Africa | 9 | |
| 440402474 | What two key discoveries enabled people to live in colder climates? | fire and use of animal skins for clothing | 10 | |
| 440402475 | Many scholars now believe that humans crossed what was then a land bridge from _______ to Alaska, about ________ years ago | Siberia; 30,000 | 11 | |
| 440402476 | Approximately, when did the last great Ice Age end? | 14,000 B.C. | 12 | |
| 440402477 | Define Mesolithic Middle Stone Age | 12,000-8,000 BC | 13 | |
| 440402478 | What were some key features of this age? | Humans learned to make better weapons, animal bones used to make more precise tools, better storage baskets and manufacturer of pots. | 14 | |
| 440402479 | What were some key features of the Neolithic New Stone Age? | Invention of agriculture and population pressure | 15 | |
| 440402480 | The initial development of agriculture was probably triggered by two results of the ice ages end...name both: | population increases from improved climate, retreat of big game animals, such as mastodons. | 16 | |
| 440402481 | List several animals that were being domesticated: | Pigs, sheep, goats, and cattle | 17 | |
| 440402482 | What did farmers use these animals for? | Meat, skins, and later finding out dairy | 18 | |
| 440402483 | Where was farming initially developed? | The Middle East and mostly Iraq | 19 | |
| 440402484 | Why is the system of agriculture considered not easy in comparison to hunting and gathering? | It required more time. | 20 | |
| 440402485 | What were the rewards or advantages to agriculture? | Supported larger populations, it afforded to build houses and villages, and domesticated animals provided varied clothing | 21 | |
| 440402486 | The discovery of metal tools dates back to about ________ B.C. | 4,000 | 22 | |
| 440402487 | What was the first metal with which people learned how to work? | Copper | 23 | |
| 440402488 | What metal replaced this metal? | Bronze | 24 | |
| 440402489 | Why was metal working extremely useful to agriculture or herding societies? | Tools allowed farmers to work the ground more efficiently. | 25 | |
| 440402490 | What metal do we rely on primarily today? | Iron | 26 | |
| 440402491 | Define slash and burn agriculture. | The burning of trees in an area farmed intensively for a few years until the soil was depleted and then move on, returning every 20-30 years. | 27 | |
| 440402492 | What were some of the advantages to staying in one place? | Houses built to last, wells built for water, "expensive" improvements to last for other generations. | 28 | |
| 440402493 | The first civilization arose in the ________ along the banks of ________ and _________ rivers. | Middle East; Tigris; Euphrates | 29 | |
| 440402494 | Define civilization | Societies with enough economic surplus to form divisions of labor and social hierarchy involving significant inequalities. | 30 | |
| 440402495 | Define cuneiform | Writing based on wedge like characters | 31 | |
| 440402496 | How did the Greeks define the word Barbarian? | All non-Greeks were considered Barbarians | 32 | |
| 440402497 | Civilization developed in four initial centers, name them: | The Middle East, Egypt, Northwestern India, and Northern China | 33 | |
| 440402498 | Where is Mesopotamia? | In the valleys between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers | 34 | |
| 440402499 | What group developed the first alphabet? | The Sumerians | 35 | |
| 440402500 | What science did the Sumerians invent? | mathematical | 36 | |
| 440402501 | The Sumerians employed a system of numbers based on the units of ______, ______, and _____ that we still use in calculating ______ and _____. | 10; 60; 360; circles; hours | 37 | |
| 440402502 | Define ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes | 38 | |
| 440402503 | Define polytheism | A religion that sees God in many aspects of nature. | 39 | |
| 440402504 | Why is Hammurabi so important? | He introduced the most famous, early code of law. | 40 | |
| 440402505 | A second center of civilization sprang up in North Africa along the _______ River. | Nile | 41 | |
| 440402506 | Define pharaoh | A king of ancient Egyptian times that possessed an immense amount of power. | 42 | |
| 440402507 | How has Egyptian mathematics influenced our society today? | It created the idea of 24 hours in a day. | 43 | |
| 440402508 | A prosperous urban civilization emerged along the _____ River by 2,500 BCE, supporting several large cities including _____ and _____ whose houses even had ______. | Indus; Harappa; Mohenjo Daro; running water | 44 | |
| 440402509 | Civilization along the Huang He (_______ River) in China developed in considerable isolation. | Yellow | 45 | |
| 440402510 | List several achievements by the river valley civilizations that are fundamental to world history today. | The invention of wheel, taming the horse, creation of usable alphabets and writing implements, production of key mathematical concepts, the development of well organized monarchies and bureaucracies, invention of functional calendars and others divisions of time, the pyramids of Egypt | 46 | |
| 440402511 | The Jews gave the world first clearly developed _______ religion. | Monotheistic | 47 | |
| 440402512 | The early civilization shared important features including _______, ________, and _______ that helped them meet the common basic definition of civilization in the first place. | cities; trade; writing | 48 |
