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| 7277024019 | Paleolithic Era | Characterized by stone tools and wild grain based diets which later diversified after Ice Age Permanent human settlements arose -Human equality diminished in newer societies Jomon is an example of a Paleolithic society Hunter gatherer societies near research-rich areas -Southeast Asia, North America, and Middle East | 0 | |
| 7277031675 | Neolithic Era | Agricultural societies arose as a result of the first Agricultural Revolution Foundations for societies solidified -Mutual dependence between humans and animals -More food for growing populations -Hunting and gathering remained | 1 | |
| 7277061416 | First Agricultural Revolution | During Neolithic Era 11,000 years ago Melted ice allowed for change in climactic conditions and more diverse life forms Resource rich areas allowed for permanent settlements -New opportunities and technology emerged -Human communities explored and exploited environments | 2 | |
| 7277067929 | Variations in Agriculture | Fertile Crescent was the first to experience the First Agricultural Revolution -Hunter gatherers had access to wild plants and animals -Wheat, barley, rye, peas, lentils, and sheep were later domesticated (Figs first cultivated) Through agriculture, sun-dried mud bricks, monumental buildings, elaborate human burials emerged Domestication occurred in Sub Saharan Africa, South America, Mesoamerica, Mississippi River Valley, and the Amazon basin Distinctive climactic zones created variation and different agricultural patterns | 3 | |
| 7277087068 | Agriculture's Impacts | Languages diffused with migration Hunter-gatherers reduced to a minority BAD: Famine, health issues, catastrophes affected people, constraints on communities GOOD: New technology, metal tools and things for domesticated animals created | 4 | |
| 7277100796 | Animal Uses | Pastoral nomadism/animal husbandry in non-arable areas Animals used for transportation and warfare People became dependent on animals in Central Asia, Arabian Peninsula and eastern/Southern Africa -Followed changing vegetations | 5 | |
| 7277107382 | Animal Domestication | Horse was domesticated around 4000 BC -Varied per region Pastoral and agricultural people had conflict -Exchange of technologies and products Each society interacted thru each other's technology Women statuses and tasks with animals varied | 6 | |
| 7277124027 | Agricultural Societies | Continued with horticulture (Hoe-based agriculture) Hunting, gathering, and fishing Catalhyuk was an early agriculture village (7400-6000 BC: had equality) Some societies traced decent through female line while others made women spin and weave textiles Many agricultural villages flourished in modern era -Kinships and lineages -Lineages had democratic qualities and developed modest social & economic qualities These villages represent modest social equality | 7 | |
| 7277141399 | Chiefdoms | More advanced and politically organized agricultural societies Leadership through male descent and started with an imagined ancestor First chiefdom in Mesopotamia, 6000 BC | 8 | |
| 7277146729 | Sedentary | Ability to produce food surpluses and non-farming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups | 9 | |
| 7277150900 | Societies | Many hunting and gathering societies were nomadic Kinship was emphasized in these settlements | 10 |
