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| 6163338825 | Rammohun Roy | (1772-1833) A leader of the Bengal Renaissance in India who studied the religious texts of Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism for both religious truth and social reform. Roy argued that Hindus should return to their ancient texts, reject polytheism and superstition, and eliminate backward practices such as suti, or widow burning. | 0 | |
| 6163338826 | Qing dynasty | (1644-1911) Sometime called the Manchu dynasty after the Manchurian origins of its rulers. The Qing (meaning "brilliant") extended their rule from Beijing as far as Mongolia and Tibet. | 1 | |
| 6163341162 | Emperor Kangxi | (r. 1662-1772) One of the most powerful and long-ruling emperors in Chinese imperial history, who extended the Qing empire, expanded the economy, and cultivated an image as a Confucian scholar and sage. | 2 | |
| 6163341163 | Qianlong | (r. 1736-1796) Qing emperor who ruled during the empire's greatest territorial expansion and prosperity. Late in his reign, corruption began to infect the state bureaucracy. Rejected an English attempt to establish diplomatic relations. | 3 | |
| 6163343126 | Yangzi River Valley | Agriculturally productive region with the important urban center of Nanjing. The Yangzi River Delta was the site of strong industrial and commercial growth in the eighteenth century. | 4 | |
| 6163346946 | Treaty of Nerchinsk | 1689 treaty between Romanov Russia and Qing China that fixed their Central Asian border. | 5 | |
| 6163350072 | Macartney Mission | The 1792-1793 mission in which Lord Macartney was sent King George the Third of England to establish permanent diplomatic relations with the Qing empire. Because he could not accept the British king as his equal, the Qianlong emperor politely refused. | 6 | |
| 6163350073 | Cossacks | Horsemen of the steppes who helped Russian rulers protect and extend their frontier into Central Asia and Siberia. | 7 | |
| 6163352403 | Catherine the Great | (r. 1762-1796) German princess who married into the Romanov family and became empress of Russia. Brought western European cultural and intellectual influences to the Russian elite. Her troops crushed a major peasant uprising. | 8 | |
| 6163352404 | Aurangzeb | (r. 1658-1707) Mughal emperor who used military force to extend his power but whose constant campaigns drained the treasury and whose policy of favoring Islam at the expense of India's other religions generated social and political tensions. | 9 | |
| 6163354826 | Maratha kingdoms | Loosely bound, west-central Indian confederacy that established its autonomy from Mughal rule in the eighteenth century and challenged the invading British in the nineteenth. | 10 | |
| 6163354827 | Nader Shah | (1688-1747) Iranian ruler who invaded India from the north in 1739, defeated the Mughal army and capturing the Mughal emperor, who handed over the keys to his treasury before Nader Shah agreed to withdraw. Mughal power went into permanent decline. | 11 | |
| 6163357883 | Joseph Francois Dupleix | (1697-1764) Governor-general in charge of all French establishments on India. Dupleix used diplomacy to forage alliances with local rulers and with their help defeated a much larger British force in the 1740s. | 12 | |
| 6163357884 | Battle of Plassey | 1757 battle that gave the British East India Company control of the rich eastern Mughal province of Bengal. Sir Robert Clive used alliances with Indian rulers to defeat the larger forces of Siraj ud-Daulah, the nawab of Bengal. | 13 | |
| 6163360780 | Lord Charles Cornwallis | (1738-1795) British general who surrendered to American forces at Yorktown and later served as governor-general of India and Ireland. | 14 | |
| 6163360781 | Yoshimune | (1738-1795) Eighth Tokugawa ruler to hold the title of shogun. A conservative but capable leader under whose rule japan saw advances in agricultural productivity. | 15 | |
| 6163364480 | Seclusion Edicts | Series of edicts issued by the Tokugawa shoguns that, beginning in the 1630s, outlawed Christianity and strictly limited Japanese contact with Europeans. Only a single annual Dutch trading mission was allowed, with the stipulation that no Bibles of other Christian texts were to enter the country. | 16 | |
| 6163364769 | Dutch learning | Traditional Japanese title for Western knowledge. Knowledge of Dutch in Tokugawa Japan was a sign of worldliness and sophistication. | 17 |
