Vocabulary for chapter 21, Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, from The Earth and Its Peoples, fifth edition.
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| 2190082085 | Enlightenment | A philosophical movement in eighteenth-century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics. | 0 | |
| 2190082086 | Benjamin Franklin | American intellectual, inventor, and politician He helped to negotiate French support for the American Revolution. | 1 | |
| 2190082087 | George Washington | Military commander of the American Revolution. He was the first elected president of the United States (1789-1799). | 2 | |
| 2190082088 | Joseph Brant | Mohawk leader who supported the British during the American Revolution. | 3 | |
| 2190082089 | Constitutional Convention | Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States. | 4 | |
| 2190082090 | Estates General | France's traditional national assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners. The calling of the Estates General in 1789 led to the French Revolution. | 5 | |
| 2190082091 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution. | 6 | |
| 2190082092 | Jacobins | Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794. | 7 | |
| 2190082093 | Maximilien Robespierre | Young provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. His execution ended the Reign of Terror. | 8 | |
| 2190082094 | Napoleon Bonaparte | General who overthrew the French Directory in 1799 and became the emperor of the French in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. | 9 | |
| 2190082095 | gens de couleur | Free men and women of color in Haiti. They sought greater political rights and later supported the Haitian Revolution. | 10 | |
| 2190082096 | Francois Dominique Toussaint L'Ouverture | Leader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective independence for Haiti despite military interventions by the British and French. | 11 | |
| 2190082097 | Congress of Vienna | Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon. | 12 | |
| 2190082098 | Revolutions of 1848 | Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed. | 13 |
