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| 15138877223 | Marco Polo | Venition merchant and traveler Served in Khubilai Kahn's court Captured as a prisoner of war, cell mate wrote down his stories about his travels and complied them into a book Inspired merchants to participate in trade networks of Eurasia | 0 | |
| 15138877224 | Rabban Sauma | Mongol ilkhan of of Persia was planning to capture Jerslauem but he wanted to gain support for the project -> dispatched Rabban Sauma (nestorian chrsitan priest) as envoy to pope/European leaders -not successful in gaining support | 1 | |
| 15138877225 | John of Montecorvino | Most active Roman Catholic missionary in China -Went to China and became the first archbishop of Khanbaliq -Worked to establish christiany in China - translated bible in Turkish, built churches, baptized -only able to attract few converts | 2 | |
| 15138877226 | Ibn Battuta | Muslim traveler and scholar -educated Muslims in the law in the lands he visited -Qadi And advisor to sultan of Delhi; heard cases at law and strictly enforced according to Islamic standards of justice -consulted Muslims rulers in E/W Africa about govt., women's dress, proper relations btwn sexes | 3 | |
| 15138877227 | Sugarcane | -Muslim merchants began League scale cultivation in SW Asia and N. Africa during Abbasid caliphate -Muslims facilitated westwards spread of sugarcane and gave European crusades crystallized sugar -> created demand -slaves worked plantations, growth of plantations led to demand for Muslim war captives and African slaves | 4 | |
| 15138877228 | Gunpowder technologies | Mongols spread gunpowder technologies west from China -learned about it from Chinese military engineers and incorporated gunpowder based weapons into their arsenals | 5 | |
| 15138877229 | Bubonic Plague | Spread from Yunnan regions of SW China Infects rodents and fleas who transmit pathogen -Mongol military campaigns spread disease throughout China -merchants spread disease along trade routes -Scandinavia, India avoided disease | 6 | |
| 15138877230 | Little Ice Age | Global climatic change, temp declined throughout world Agriculture declined, led to famine and starvation | 7 | |
| 15138877231 | Emperor Hongwu | Established and was first emperor of Ming Dynasty Eliminated all traces of Mongol Rule Reestablished Confucian education and civil service system Centralized authority to emperor - executed and abolished position of minister | 8 | |
| 15138877232 | Emperor Yongle | Successor of Emperor Hongwu "Yongle Encylcopedia" : compiled all significant works of Chinese history, philosophy, literature | 9 | |
| 15138877233 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Yuan Dynasty after Mongols Centralized government Emperors relied on more mandarins and eunuchs Economic recovery - rebuilt irrigation systems Promoted trade within China, not with the rest of the world | 10 | |
| 15138877234 | Eunuchs/Mandarins | Sent out to ensure local officials implemented imperial policy Great loyalty to emperor | 11 | |
| 15138877235 | Hundred Years' War | France and England found over lands in France | 12 | |
| 15138877236 | Catholic Kings | Under Ferdinand and Isabel Christian forces that completed Reconquista | 13 | |
| 15138877237 | Fernando/Isabel | King and queen of Spain - united two wealthiest Iberian realms Sponsored Christopher Columbus' voyage Receipt from salves tax supported powerful standing army Catholic Kings | 14 | |
| 15138877238 | Grand Prince Ivan III/Ivan the Great | Russia Stoped paying tribute to Mongol khan; declared independence from mongol rule; made himself tsar -made Moscow center of large/powerful state | 15 | |
| 15138877239 | Tsar | The Russian term for ruler or king; taken from the Roman word caesar. | 16 | |
| 15138877240 | King Louis XI | King of France during Hundred Years War who developed large, constant army and mercenaries. Give France an edge over anyone seeking to challenge them. | 17 | |
| 15138877241 | Renaissance | "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome | 18 | |
| 15138877242 | Humanists | People originally thought you could only be a good Christian if you were a monk; humanists argued that you still be a good Christian and live a normal life Balance between Christian values and daily life | 19 | |
| 15138877243 | Zheng He | Ming Govt. sponsored and Emperor Yongle organized expeditions to impose imperial control over foreign trade w/ China; 7 expeditions led by Zheng He Showed naval power and established Chinese presence in Indian Ocean Basin Expeditions ended -> were expensive and Ming Dynasty stopped international trade | 20 | |
| 15138877244 | Christopher Columbus | He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India. Sponsored by Isabel/Ferdinand Inspired other mariners to explore Caribbean and American continents | 21 | |
| 15138877245 | Leonardo da Vinci | Prominent renaissance figure: painter, sculptor, engineer, etc. Relied on linear perspective to represent 3D 3D of real life on 2D surface | 22 | |
| 15138877246 | Michaelangelo | Depicted subjects in natural poses - inspired by Greek/Roman Painted Sistine chapel | 23 | |
| 15138877247 | Prince Henry the Navigator | Prince of Portugal Campaign to spread Christianity and increase Portuguese influence on the seas | 24 | |
| 15138877248 | Vasco De Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean and reach India by sea | 25 | |
| 15138877249 | Bartolomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who rounded the tip of Africa | 26 | |
| 15138877250 | Which regions were hit the hardest from the Bubonic Plague and what were its social and economic effects? | China -spread through Mongol trade route Thrived in oases/trading cities of C. Asia Western Europe -Italian merchants fled and spread disease throughout Med. Basin -Population decline -> labor shortages -> rebellion | 27 | |
| 15138877251 | How did the Ming Dynasty establish power and rebuild the economy of China? | Got rid of Mongol rule -mongol names, dress Emperor Hongwu tightly centralized government -reestablishment of civil service system -executed ministers, disbanded positions -mandarins, eunuchs Rebuilt irrigation systems -> agriculture production increased Promoted trade within China | 28 | |
| 15138877252 | What are some of the common elements in the process of European state building? What measure did the National monarchies take in order to establish and maintain their authority? Who did they need to control? | Taxes to fund standing armies -makes citizens more dependent on government; makes government have more to fear citizens (protection of wealth, armies) England/France: -hundred Years' war - taxes via nobles Spain: -Reconquista to kick out Muslims of Umayyad Dynasty -extend into Italian peninsula Italy/HRE: -trade increases in city-states -wealthy families, go to state for protection (military, banks) Russia: -Ivan the great - get rid of the mongols | 29 | |
| 15138877253 | What were some of the distinctive elements of the Renaissance and humanist movements in Western Europe in the 15th century? | Art -Leonardo da Vinci, dontalleo, Michaelangelo Architecture: -domed buildings -based on Greek/roman influences Humanists -balance between Christian values and daily life | 30 | |
| 15138877254 | What were the Portuguese objectives in the exploration of the coast of west Africa? What did they accomplish? | Wanted to find sea route to Asian markets through Indian Ocean -Muslim intermediaries inflated prices of goods Dias sailed around tip of africa, Vasco de Gama reached India, Columbus reached America | 31 |
