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AP World History Chapter 22 Terms Flashcards

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6729866467Al-Qaedaa radical Sunni Muslim organization dedicated to the elimination of a Western presence in Arab countries and militantly opposed to Western foreign policy0
6729884432Command economyan economy in which production, investment, prices, and incomes are determined centrally by a government.1
6729890193Compressed modernityRapid economic and political change that transformed the country into a stable nation with democratizing political institutions, a growing economy, and an expanding web of nongovernmental institutions.2
6729909386ContainmentAmerican policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world3
6729914443Cultural globalizationthe transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.4
6729922334Cultural imperialismthe economic, technological and cultural hegemony of the industrialized nations, which determines the direction of both economic and social progress, defines cultural values, and standardizes the civilization and cultural environment throughout the world.5
6729956070Dependency theorya model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones6
6730137089European UnionAn international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members.7
6730158635Fragmentationdivisions based on ethnic or cultural identity8
6730200147GlasnostA policy of Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which called for more openness with the nations of West, and a relaxing of restraints on Soviet citizenry.9
6730213624Global elite cultureAt the beginning of the twenty-first century, the attitudes and outlook of well-educated, prosperous, Western-oriented people around the world, largely expressed in European languages, especially English.10
6730232961Global pop culturethe entirety of attitudes, ideas, images, perspectives, and other phenomena that are within the mainstream of a given culture, especially Western culture of the early to mid-20th century and the emerging global mainstream of the late 20th and early 21st century.11
6730258998GlobalizationActions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.12
6730264701Green RevolutionThe worldwide campaign to increase agricultural production from the 1940s to 60s, stimulated by new fertilizers and strains of wheat such as that by Norman Borlaug. The movement saved millions from starvation.13
6730278839Household responsibility systemthe system put into practice in China beginning in the early 1980s in which major decisions about agricultural production are made by individual farm families based on profit motive rather than by a people's commune or the government.14
6730319375Human rights movementa nongovernmental social movement engaged in activism related to the issues of human rights.15
6730331486Saddam HusseinWas a dictator in Iraq who tried to take over Iran and Kuwait violently in order to gain the land and the resources. He also refused to let the UN into Iraq in order to check if the country was secretly holding weapons of mass destruction.16
6730362995IntegrationAllows separate systems to communicate directly with each other17
6730373841Nikita KhrushchevA Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia.18
6730522133LDCLeast Developed Country:also known as a developing country, a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development19
6730528719MDCMost Developed Country: sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations20
6730544709Market economyan economy in which decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are based on supply and demand, and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system.21
6730553527Marketizationthe conversion of a national economy from a planned to a market economy.22
6730655160Megacitya metropolitan area with a total population in excess of ten million people23
6730664416Mixed economyan economic system combining private and public enterprise.24
6730678864ModernismA cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.25
6730687207Modernization modelmodel of economic development maintains that all countries go through five stages of development26
6730700092NAFTAA trade agreement between Canada, the United States and Mexico that encourages free trade between these North American countries.27
6730726675NGOa not-for-profit organization that is independent from states and international governmental organizations.28
6730736980Passive resistancenonviolent opposition to authority, especially a refusal to cooperate with legal requirements.29
6730748318PerestroikaGorbachev's policy of "restructuring" which included reducing the direct involvement of the Communist Party leadership in the day to day governing of the nation. It was a decentralization of economic planning and controls30
6730759652PreemptionThe right of a federal law or a regulation to preclude enforcement of a state or local law or regulation.31
6730781701Private businessa business company owned neither by non-governmental organizations nor by a relatively small number of shareholders32
6730828288PrivatizationTo change from government or public ownership or control to private ownership or control.33
6730837095Politicization of religionthe use of religious principles to promote political ends and vise versa34
6730842807Vladimir Putinelected president of Russia in 2000, launched reforms aimed at boosting growth and budget revenues and keeping Russia on a strong economic track.35
6730884693Socialist market economyThe term used by the government of China to refer to the country's current economic system. It is meant to convey the mix of state control (socialism) and market forces (capitalism) that China is now following in its quest for economic development. The implication is that socialism will promote equality, while the market (especially the profit motive) will encourage people to work hard and foreign companies to invest.36
6730896148SEZspecial economic zones; zones designed to attract foreign companies and investments to China37
6730907052Stateless nationsa political term for ethnic/national group that does not possess its own state and is generally not the majority population in any nation state.38
6730934145Supranational organizationsOrganization of three or more states to promote shared objectives.39
6730945533Tiananmen crisisdemonstration by students intellectuals criticizing corruption and demanding democratic reforms, government responded by sending army in to cease protests who killed hundreds of citizens40
6730950152Universal Declaration of Human RightsA 1948 statement in which the United Nations declared that all human beings have rights to life, liberty, and security.41
6730953518WMDWeapons of Mass Destruction42
6730961387World Bankan international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital programs.43
6730968272WTOan intergovernmental organization which regulates international trade.44
6730973513Boris YeltsinPresident of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR and force Gorbachev to resign.45

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