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| 8603565975 | Prince Henry 15th century Political | promoted voyages of exploring in West Africa to enter the gold trade, discover new trade routes, learn information about Muslim's power, and make alliances with Christian rulers against Muslims | 0 | |
| 8603583339 | Vasco Da Gama 1497-1498 political | First, Portuguese explorer that went around Africa and entered the Indian Ocean. This is similar to how Christopher Columbus went around the world and it thoroughly transformed Europe and the world just how Da Gama changed Europe and the world when he created a pathway that allowed Europe to enter trade in the Indian Ocean. | 1 | |
| 8603629240 | Christopher Columbus 1451-1506 political | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to India : His voyage established the existence of the New World across the Atlantic. Failed at finding a new route to India, those who followed laid the primer for Spanish colonization of the Americas and for empires of other European nations, thus growing a new major trading network. | 2 | |
| 8603634554 | Ferdinand Magellan 1480?-1521 political | Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. Magellan was killed in the Philippines. One of his ships returned to Spain thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe. | 3 | |
| 8603647325 | Vitus Bering 1681-1741 political | He was a Danish explorer who explored the northern Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait which made it easier to travel to North America. Led the way for future Russian mariners, who eventually reached Hawai`i. | 4 | |
| 8603660710 | James Cook 1728-1779 political | English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands | 5 | |
| 8603713813 | Afonso de Albuquerque 16th century political | Portuguese naval/military leader who ended Muslim control of the Indian Ocean trade--took Goa, Moluccas, and held much of SE under Portuguese control officer in seven year war | 6 | |
| 8603742283 | Reconquista 1492 social | The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492. Ended with Ferdinand and Isabella who unified it into a powerful nation-state | 7 | |
| 8603752494 | cross-staff culture | Device that sailors used to determine latitude and eventually replaced the Astrolabe for determining ocean currents and where to sail since it was effective and cheap. | 8 | |
| 8603777737 | Volta do Mar interaction 1400s | A navigational technique, perfected by Portuguese navigators during the Age of Exploration, that uses the trend of trade winds and currents to travel in a certain direction | 9 | |
| 8603785400 | Seven Years' war social 1756-1763 | A struggle between two groups, one including France, Austria, and Russia, and the other including Great Britain and Prussia. This was mainly a fight over territory | 10 | |
| 8603806775 | Colombian Exchange interaction | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 11 | |
| 8603851418 | Galleons 15th century culture | Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain; basis for convoy system utilized by Spain for transportation of bullion. | 12 | |
| 8603878699 | join-stock compaines economic 15 century | A business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks (and profits) among many investors. | 13 | |
| 8603881212 | English east asian company economic | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 14 | |
| 8603891679 | VOC 1602 economic | private merchants advanced funds to launch the company, to send ships and crews and provide them with materials and money to be able to trade. | 15 |
