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| 10050317434 | When the Portuguese arrived in India in 1498, they (A) found they had little to offer in trade, but could get rich by using force. (B) quickly integrated themselves into the Asian trade system. (C) exchanged their European goods for Asian luxury items. (D) were unwelcome. (E) established cordial relations with Muslim merchants. | a | 0 | |
| 10050317435 | The periphery of the Indian Ocean trading network around 1500, specifically Africa, Southeast Asia, and Japan, furnished what items to the network? (A) slaves (B) cotton textiles (C) carpets and tapestries (D) porcelain and silks (E) mainly raw materials | e | 1 | |
| 10050317436 | The highest prices in the Asian network were paid for (A) cotton textiles. (B) spices. (C) bulk items such as foodstuffs. (D) silk and porcelain. (E) gold and silver. | b | 2 | |
| 10050317437 | The largest portion of Asian trade by volume in the Early Modern Era was the trade in (A) silk from China to the Middle East. (B) cottons from India to the Middle East. (C) bulk items, usually foodstuffs, exchanged within each of the main zones. (D) spices from the East Indies. (E) slaves from Africa. | c | 3 | |
| 10050317438 | Rather than try to control trade in the Indian Ocean as had Portugal, the Dutch (A) attempted to monopolize the spice trade from the East Indies. (B) cooperated with the Muslim and Hindu merchants. (C) signed trading agreements with local rulers. (D) abided by the traditional practices of the region. (E) concentrated on trade in India. | a | 4 | |
| 10050317439 | Europeans learned that the greatest trading profits in Asia could be made by (A) allying with the Hindus and warring on the Muslim states. (B) transporting other peoples' goods and providing services as middlemen. (C) seizing lands and creating land-based empires. (D) peaceful cooperation with and integration into existing Asian trade networks. (E) piracy and raiding other nations' merchant ships. | d | 5 | |
| 10050317440 | Europeans learned that the most successful missionary work in Asia occurred by (A) having missionaries use local languages and become acclimated to native cultures. (B) forcibly converting the Muslims and Hindus to Christianity. (C) converting the poorest and lowest social classes first. (D) converting the elites first; the other classes would follow. (E) converting areas that had not been converted to Islam. | e | 6 | |
| 10050317441 | Following the defeat and expulsion of the Mongols from China, (A) a legalist regime was established. (B) the Ming Dynasty arose. (C) peasants were granted equality with the scholar-gentry and noble classes. (D) China converted to Buddhism. (E) the civil service exam system of the Mongols was ended. | b | 7 | |
| 10050317442 | The first Ming emperors of China attempted to end all of these abuses EXCEPT: (A) the position of chief minister, who had too much power. (B) dishonesty, disloyalty, and laziness. (C) court factions and conspiracies. (D) the influence of the Emperor's wives and their relatives. (E) the influence of the scholar-gentry | e | 8 | |
| 10050317443 | In the 17th century, the Japanese dealt with the long-term European challenge by (A) allying with the Portuguese against the other Europeans. (B) permitting the Jesuits to convert the Japanese to Christianity. (C) permitting the Europeans to establish a trading monopoly in Japan. (D) self-imposed isolation and forbidding most contact with Europeans. (E) adapting European customs and technology. | d | 9 | |
| 10050317444 | Where was the chief Dutch trading fortress and port in southeast Asia? Select one: a. Manila b. Darsan c. Ormuz d. Batavia e. Goa | d | 10 | |
| 10050317445 | Despite their armaments, what factor convinced the Europeans that they could make little headway against the kingdoms of Asia? Select one: a. Large populations of Asian kingdoms b. Inferiority of European ships c. Armed resistance to European trade d. Distance from European ports e. European lack of bullion | a | 11 | |
| 10050317446 | What Jesuit missionary was responsible for creating the strategy of converting Hindu elites as a means of achieving mass conversions? Select one: a. Padre Kino b. Matteo Ricci c. Robert di Nobili d. Francis Xavier e. Adam Schall | c | 12 | |
| 10050317447 | Which of the following was one of the crucial points in the Asian sea trading network where trade converged? Select one: a. The mouth of the Ganges River b. The straits of Malacca c. The mouth of the Huanghe River d. Sofala e. Canton | b | 13 | |
| 10050317448 | What trade did the Portuguese intend to monopolize within the Asian trading network? Select one: a. Ivory b. Spices c. Slaves d. Lumber e. Cotton textiles | b | 14 | |
| 10050317449 | Whose voyages of exploration opened the way for the Europeans to the Indies? Select one: a. Francis Xavier b. Vasco da Gama c. Christopher Columbus d. Ferdinand Magellan e. Ponce de Leon | b | 15 | |
| 10050317450 | Which of the following was the first of the three military centralizers of Japan starting in the 16th century? Select one: a. Tokugawa b. Hiata Ashikaga c. Hideyoshi d. Murasaki e. Oda Nobunaga | e | 16 | |
| 10050317451 | Why were the Portuguese unwilling to exchange bullion for products within the Asian commercial system? Select one: a. There was little merchandise that the Portuguese considered of value in the Asian trade network. b. The doctrine of mercantilism equated possession of bullion with power and argued against negative trade balances. c. They were sending bullion to England to pay for weapons. d. All of Portuguese bullion was exchanged for slaves in the African commercial system. e. They had none. | b | 17 | |
| 10050317452 | In what way did the Dutch and English participation within the Asian sea trading network change by the middle decades of the 17th century? Select one: a. For both the Dutch and the English, peaceful commerce came to be more profitable than forcible control and monopolies were aimed at European rather than Asian rivals. b. Military expansion enabled greater commercial control due to the series of religious wars that had broken out in Europe. c. As allies, the Dutch and English were able to establish a naval supremacy in Asia sufficient to monopolize all trade within the Asian sea trading network. d. Both northern European nations abandoned the commerce in spices in favor of cotton and silk textiles. e. Unlike the Portuguese and Spanish, the northern European nations undertook wholesale conversion to Protestantism of the inhabitants of the Spice Islands. | a | 18 | |
| 10050317453 | The ultimate task of all the explorations launched by the Europeans from the 14th century onward was Select one: a. establishing European political dominion over all of Asia. b. perfecting European knowledge of navigation and astronomy. c. spreading knowledge of European civilization to Asia. d. winning their long-standing competition with Islam. e. finding a sea link between Europe and the wealthy civilizations of Asia. | e | 19 | |
| 10050317454 | Which of the following was NOT a European contribution to the Asian sea trading network? Select one: a. The addition of new routes, including the link to Europe around the Cape of Good Hope b. The introduction of sea warfare into the Asian trade network c. A global flow of silver starting in the Americas and ending in China d. The establishment of an exchange of new crops and diseases similar to the "Columbian Exchange" with the Americas e. The establishment of new trading centers such as Goa, Calicut, and Batavia | d | 20 | |
| 10050317455 | Which of the following was NOT a policy imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in the 17th century? Select one: a. The Japanese elite abandoned all contact with Western learning and technological advance. b. Western books were banned. c. Neo-Confucian philosophy gave way to the influence of thinkers who championed the school of "National Learning." d. Christianity was banned and Christians were persecuted. e. Foreign traders were confined to the island of Deshima in Nagasaki Bay. | a | 21 | |
| 10050317456 | In what way did the Jesuit missionaries maintain their positions at the court of the Ming emperors? Select one: a. By demonstrating knowledge of scientific and technological skills b. By converting Yungle to Christianity c. By accepting the support of the scholar-gentry d. By maintaining a small but powerful European army in the Chinese capital e. By becoming eunuchs | a | 22 | |
| 10050317457 | Which of the following products was associated with the Indian zone of the Asian sea trading network? Select one: a. Tapestry b. Cotton textiles c. Carpets d. Spices e. Paper | b | 23 | |
| 10050317458 | Which of the following reforms was NOT introduced by the first Ming emperor? Select one: a. The position of the scholar-gentry within the bureaucracy was restored. b. The civil service examination system was reinstated. c. The position of chief minister was abolished. d. State subsidies for imperial academies and regional colleges were reinstituted. e. Family influence in the selection of men to the Chinese bureaucracy was eliminated. | e | 24 | |
| 10050317459 | In what sense was the Spanish conversion of the Filipinos similar to their experience in the Americas? Select one: a. All Christian tenets were taught in the language of the indigenous peoples. b. Filipino conversion to Christianity was predicated on political equality with the Spanish conquerors. c. Like the Amerindians, the Filipinos' brand of Christianity represented a creative blend of earlier beliefs and practices with Christianity. d. Filipinos were easily converted to Protestant faiths. e. Few Filipinos were converted to Christianity. | c | 25 | |
| 10050317460 | Which of the following products was NOT one of the products associated with the Indian zone of the Asian sea trading network? Select one: a. Cotton textiles b. Gems c. Cinnamon d. Salt e. Porcelain | e | 26 | |
| 10050317461 | In what year was the Tokugawa shogunate founded, marking the reestablishment of central government in Japan? Select one: a. 1854 b. 1603 c. 1593 d. 1633 e. 1653 | b | 27 | |
| 10050317462 | Why did the Chinese abandon the commercial voyages of the Zheng He expeditions? Select one: a. There was little of value for the Chinese to import in trade, and the voyages were expensive to carry out. b. Chinese commerce was not competitive enough due to competition from the Europeans. c. The size of the fleets was so limited that they could not compete with the greater capacity of the European voyages. d. Many of the ships were lost as a result of poor ship design and inadequate sailing technology. e. The trade with foreign regions produced a negative balance of trade for China that drained bullion from imperial coffers. | a | 28 | |
| 10050317463 | Why did the earliest of the Japanese military centralizers accept Christian missionaries? Select one: a. Christianity was seen as a counterforce to the Buddhist orders that opposed the imposition of central rule. b. Prior to his first military victory, Hideyoshi saw a cross in the sky. c. The Portuguese supplied a large army to rulers who offered to accept Christianity. d. His wife was a Christian who was able to exert her influence throughout his household. e. He was intimidated by the military might of the Portuguese. | a | 29 | |
| 10050317464 | In terms of literature, what was the chief accomplishment of the Ming era? Select one: a. The novel b. The short story c. Poetry d. Haiku e. Narrative history | a | 30 | |
| 10050317465 | What was the initial Portuguese response to the encounter at Calicut? Select one: a. The Portuguese entered a trade alliance with Spain. b. They exported increasing amounts of Western products to Asia. c. They applied military force to obtain desired Asian products. d. They bypassed India and traded directly with China. e. They abandoned hopes of entering the Asian markets. | c | 31 | |
| 10050317466 | All of the following were sources of disappointment to the Europeans who arrived in Asia in the 16th and 17th centuries EXCEPT Select one: a. Asian civilization seemed materially impoverished. b. Asians were uninterested in converting to Christianity. c. the Europeans were too few in numbers to exert force on Asian kingdoms. d. Asian culture was thriving and diverse. e. Asians were uninterested in European trade goods. | a | 32 | |
| 10050317467 | What peoples had preceded the Portuguese in entering the markets of south and southeast Asia? Select one: a. English b. Muslims c. Spanish d. Dutch e. Africans | b | 33 | |
| 10050317468 | What raw materials were the most highly valued exports in the Asian sea trading network for the Europeans? Select one: a. Iron b. Spices c. Fish d. Lumber e. Ivory | b | 34 | |
| 10050317469 | What group successfully asserted its control over China following the collapse of the Ming dynasty? Select one: a. The Hsiung-nu b. The Portuguese c. The Jurchens or Manchus d. The Mongols e. The Uighurs | c | 35 | |
| 10050317470 | Which of the following was a reform instituted by the first Ming emperor to reduce court factionalism and the power of the scholar-gentry? Select one: a. Corrupt or incompetent members of the bureaucracy were punished by being beaten on the bare buttocks. b. A chief minister was appointed from the royal family to oversee all work of the imperial bureaucracy. c. Eunuchs were expelled from the royal household. d. Exams were more complex and were based on the Legalist school. e. Imperial wives could only come from specified noble families of good repute. | a | 36 | |
| 10050317471 | Which of the following reasons is at least in part responsible for the peopling of the Yangtzi region in the southern part of China during the Ming era? Select one: a. The enforced migration of remaining Mongols within the Chinese population to the region of the Yangtzi b. The opening of the region to settlement from Siam and Vietnam c. The abandonment of rice and millet cultivation in the region in favor of wheat introduced by Portuguese merchants d. The introduction of crops from the Americas that could be cultivated on inferior soils and did not require irrigation e. The overpopulation of the northern provinces of China led to the Ming ordering a mass migration | d | 37 | |
| 10050317472 | Which of the following statements concerning Ming social organization is most accurate? Select one: a. Occupational alternatives for women of all social levels dramatically expanded during the Ming era. b. The adoption of more Buddhist beliefs began to break down the strict patterns of deference that had been customary in Han and Song China. c. Social roles were more flexible than before due to the influence of Jesuit missionaries such as Matteo Ricci. d. Among the groups granted almost total freedom from the bonds of social status were the students seeking entry into the scholar-gentry. e. Under the continued influence of neo-Confucian ideology, Ming society remained rigidly stratified with emphasis on deference of youth to elders and women to men. | e | 38 | |
| 10050317473 | What area of the Philippines were the Spanish NOT able to conquer? Select one: a. Leyte b. Java c. Mindanao d. Luzon e. Suhong | c | 39 | |
| 10050317474 | Where were foreigners permitted to do business in China during the Ming era? Select one: a. At Hong Kong b. Only at the Ming capital at Beijing c. At Macao and Canton d. At any port e. Nowhere | c | 40 | |
| 10050317475 | The Portuguese won a major sea battle over a combined fleet of Egyptian and Indian vessels in 1509 at Select one: a. Diu. b. Samarkand. c. Jidda. d. Malacca. e. Batavia. | a | 41 | |
| 10050317476 | What was the Portuguese lesson learned at Calicut? Select one: a. Indians refused to trade with Europeans. b. European goods were much sought after in India. c. Western products brought for trade were of little or no value. d. Western bullion was of no use in the East. e. Indian markets had little of interest to Western consumers. | c | 42 | |
| 10050317477 | Which of the following items was more likely to be exchanged within the ports of each of the main trading zone rather than over greater distances between zones? Select one: a. Spices b. Gems c. Silk textiles d. Rice e. Ivory | d | 43 | |
| 10050317478 | How successful was the Portuguese monopoly on Asian products? Select one: a. The Portuguese were unable to achieve control over any Asian products due to competition from the Chinese commercial navy. b. The Portuguese monopoly was rigidly enforced over Asian products for almost two centuries. c. For some decades they were able to maintain a complete monopoly over Asian products shipped to Europe. d. Other European trade powers were frozen out of the market due to the success of the Portuguese establishing fortified trade ports. e. Though they managed to monopolize some spices grown in limited locales, the Portuguese lacked the manpower and ships to sustain a monopoly. | e | 44 | |
| 10050317479 | During the reign of what Ming emperor did the Chinese launch commercial expeditions to southeast Asia, Persia, and Africa? Select one: a. Chongzhen b. Zhenghe c. Hongwu d. Yungle e. Kangxi | d | 45 | |
| 10050317480 | What was the significance of the mainland kingdoms and island states of southeast Asia that surrounded the three great manufacturing zones of the Asian sea trading network? Select one: a. These regions had no relationship to the three main manufacturing zones of the Asian sea trading network. b. These regions were virtually the sole consumers of goods made in the manufacturing regions. c. These regions provided the military defense for the manufacturing regions. d. These regions fed raw materials—precious metals and forest products—into the trading network. e. These regions provided the medium of exchange in the form of gold and silver. | d | 46 | |
| 10050317481 | Which of the following statements concerning the Ming economy is most accurate? Select one: a. European markets became increasingly important to the Ming emperors. b. The Chinese government did not tax trade, thus did not profit from commercial growth. c. Almost all commercial profits were reinvested in trade. d. Much merchant wealth was invested in land as a means of social advancement. e. Merchants failed to realize profits from the Ming commercial boom. | d | 47 | |
| 10050317482 | Who succeeded the Portuguese as the most successful European entrant into the Asian sea trading network? Select one: a. Germany b. Spain c. Holland d. England e. Italy | c | 48 | |
| 10050317483 | Which of the following was NOT a fortified trading port established by the Portuguese in the early 16th century? Select one: a. Calicut b. Malacca c. Goa d. Ormuz e. Batavia | e | 49 | |
| 10050317484 | Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Asian sea trading network? Select one: a. The system functioned only so long as it was administered from the Ottoman Empire with the tacit support of the Ming dynasty. b. There was no central control, and force was usually absent from commercial exchanges. c. The entire network was dominated by Arab merchants who worked in common cause to establish a monopoly of trade. d. The Chinese, as a result of their naval superiority, were able to secure military dominance of the system. e. The Chinese empire kept the peace through the use of heavily armed junks. | b | 50 | |
| 10050317485 | What was the nature of the sea routes in the Asian trading network? Select one: a. They were restricted to the South China Sea and the Sea of Japan. b. The only sea-going routes crossed the Indian Ocean from the Swahili ports of east Africa to India. c. Only the Chinese and Arabs practiced navigation in the Asian trading network. d. Well-established routes directly crossing the major oceans were maintained from ancient times. e. Most of the navigation consisted of sailing along the coastlines and avoiding open seas. | e | 51 | |
| 10050317486 | How did the Dutch commercial strategy within the Asian trade network differ from that of the Portuguese? Select one: a. The Dutch did not make use of fortified towns and factories. b. The Dutch were more humane in their treatment of island peoples who cultivated the spices. c. The Dutch lacked a substantial navy, and could not use warships to maintain their commercial advantage. d. The Dutch were more systematic in their monopoly control of a limited number of specific spices. e. The Dutch were more interested in establishing permanent settlements such as Batavia. | d | 52 | |
| 10050317487 | Which of the following statements concerning Ming reforms in favor of the peasantry is most accurate? Select one: a. The first Ming emperor attempted to increase the forced labor demands on the peasantry in order to restore the Chinese economy following the expulsion of the Mongols. b. The Ming reforms resulted in a reduction in the authority of the local landlords and the establishment of small farming operations throughout China. c. Peasants were made exempt from all taxation due to Hongwu being a peasant himself. d. Despite some attempts to improve economic conditions for the peasantry, the growing power of the rural landlords led to increased tenancy and landless laborers. e. The early Ming emperors were completely uninterested in the plight of the peasantry. | d | 53 | |
| 10050317488 | Why did the Portuguese believe they could successfully enter the Asian sea trading by force? Select one: a. The European trade zones were easily dominated by force. b. The Asian empires lacked navies. c. Portuguese ships were more maneuverable and better armed than those of their Asian opponents. d. There was little military force in any of the Muslim or Asian empires. e. The Portuguese realized that their armies were more numerous than those of the Asian opponents. | c | 54 | |
| 10050317489 | Which of the following products was associated with the Arab zone of the Asian sea trading network? Select one: a. Porcelain b. Glass c. Paper d. Gunpowder e. Cotton textiles | b | 55 | |
| 10050317490 | The first Ming emperor of China was Select one: a. Kangxi. b. Yunglo. c. Hongwu. d. Chong Zhao. e. Zhenghe. | c | 56 | |
| 10050317491 | Among which of the following groups did Roman Catholic missionaries enjoy some success? Select one: a. Outcaste groups in Indian coastal regions b. The Chinese c. Hindu brahmins d. The animists of the southern Philippines e. Buddhists | a | 57 |
