List of vocabulary words that are in Chapter 23 of the AP World History textbook.
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| 212969607 | Congress of Vienna | Met in 1815 after the defeat of France to restore the European balance of power. | 0 | |
| 212969608 | Liberalism | Political ideology that flourished in 19th-century western Europe; stressed limited state interference in private life, representation of the people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliament. | 1 | |
| 212969609 | Radicals | Followers of a 19th-century Western European political emphasis; advocated broader voting rights than liberals did; urged reforms favoring the lower classes. | 2 | |
| 212969610 | Socialism | Political ideology in 19th-century Europe; attacked private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of the means of production and an end to the capitalistic exploitation of the working class. | 3 | |
| 212969611 | Nationalism | European 19th-century viewpoint; often allied with other "isms"; urged the importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on ethnic origins. | 4 | |
| 212969612 | Greek Revolution | Rebellion of the Greeks against the Ottoman Empire in 1820; a key step in the disintegration of the Turkish Balkan Empire. | 5 | |
| 212969613 | French Revolution of 1830 | Second revolution against the Bourbon dynasty; a liberal movement that created a bourgeois government under a moderate monarchy. | 6 | |
| 212969614 | Belgian Revolution of 1830 | Produced Belgian independence from the Dutch; established a constitutional monarchy. | 7 | |
| 212969615 | Reform Bill of 1832 | British legislation that extended the vote to most male members of the middle class. | 8 | |
| 212969616 | James Watt | Devised a steam engine in the 1770s that could be used for production in many industries; a key step in the Industrial Revolution. | 9 | |
| 212969617 | Factory system | Intensification of all of the processes of production at a single site during the Industrial Revolution; involved greater organization of labor and increased discipline. | 10 | |
| 212969618 | Luddites | Workers in Britain who responded to the replacement of their labor by machines during the Industrial Revolution by attempting to destroy machines; named after the fictional worker Ned Ludd. | 11 | |
| 212969619 | Chartist movement | Unsuccessful attempt by British artisans and workers to gain the vote during the 1840s | 12 | |
| 212969620 | French Revolution of 1848 | Overthrew the French monarchy established in 1830; briefly established the Second French Republic. | 13 | |
| 212969621 | Revolutions of 1848 | The nationalist and liberal movements in Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary; after temporary success they were supressed. | 14 | |
| 212969622 | Louis Pasteur | Discoverer of germs and of the purifying process named after him. | 15 | |
| 212969623 | Benjamin Disraeli | British politician; granted the vote to working-class men in 1867; an example of conservative politicians keeping stability through reform. | 16 | |
| 212969624 | Count Camilio di Cavour | Architect of Italian unification in 1858; created a constitutional Italian monarchy under the king of Piedmont. | 17 | |
| 212969625 | Otto von Bismarck | Conservative prime minister of Prussia; architect of German unification under the Prussian king in 1871; used liberal reforms to maintain stability. | 18 | |
| 212969626 | American Civil War | (1861-1865) Fought to prevent secession of the southern states; the first war to incorporate the products and techniques of the Industrial Revolution; resulted in the abolition of slavery and the reunification of the United States. | 19 | |
| 212969627 | Transformismo | Political system in Italy that allied conservatives and liberals in support of the status quo. | 20 | |
| 212969628 | Social question | Issues relating to workers and women in western Europe during the Industrial Revolution; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870. | 21 | |
| 212969629 | Karl Marx | German socialist who saw history as a class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preacher the inevitability of social revolution and the creation of a proletarian dictatorship. | 22 | |
| 212969630 | Revisionism | Socialist thought that disagreeed with Marx's formulation; believed that social and economic progress could be achieved through existing political institutions. | 23 | |
| 212969631 | Feminist movement | Sought legal and economic gains for women, among them equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on the right to vote; won initial support from middle-class women. | 24 | |
| 212969632 | Mass leisure culture | An aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; decreased time at work and offered opportunities for new forms of leisure time, such as vacation trips and team sports. | 25 | |
| 212969633 | Charles Darwin | Biologist who developed the theory of evolution of species; argued that all living forms evolved through the successful ability to adapt in a struggle for survival. | 26 | |
| 212969634 | Albert Einstein | Formulated mathematical theories to explain the behavior of planetary motion and the movement of electrical particles; in about 1900 issued the theory of relativity. | 27 | |
| 212969635 | Sigmund Freud | Viennese physician who developed theories of the workings of the human subconscious; argued that behavior is determined by impulses. | 28 | |
| 212969636 | Romanticism | 19th-century western European artistic and literary movement; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature; sought to portray passions, not clam reflection. | 29 | |
| 212969637 | Triple Alliance | Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of the European balance of power system before World War I. | 30 | |
| 212969638 | Triple Entente | Agreement among Britain, Russia, and France in 1907; part of the European balance of power system before World War I. | 31 | |
| 212969639 | Balkan nationalism | Movements to create independent states and reunite ethnic groups in the Balkans; provoked crises within the European alliance system that eneded with the outbreak of World War I. | 32 | |
| 212969640 | Industrial Revolution | Series of changes in economy of Western nations between 1740 and 20th century; stimulated by rapid population growth, increase in agricultural productivity, commercial revolution in 17th century, and development of new means of transportation; in essence involved technological change and the application of machines to the process of production. | 33 | |
| 212969641 | Age of Revolution | Period of political upheaval beginning roughly with the American Revolution in 1775 and continuing through the French Revolution of 1789 and other movements for change up to 1848. | 34 | |
| 212969642 | Conservative | Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of the church. | 35 | |
| 212969643 | Imperialism | The policy of expanding national territory through colonization and conquest. | 36 |
