chapter 23: The Transformation of Europe
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| 8288833867 | Martin Luther | German theologian who led the Reformation | 0 | |
| 8288833868 | Henry VIII | son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547 | 1 | |
| 8288833869 | Council of Trent | the meeting called by Pope Paul III that secured reconciliation with the Protestants | 2 | |
| 8288833870 | Thirty Years' War | conflict over religion, territory, and power among European ruling families | 3 | |
| 8288833871 | Protestant | a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation | 4 | |
| 8288833872 | Siege of Vienna | (1683) Ottoman Empire attemped to invade Vienna but they were stopped by Leopold I | 5 | |
| 8288833873 | Glorious Revolution | the revolution against James II (1688) | 6 | |
| 8288833874 | Peter I (the Great) | change economy and culture through western European models | 7 | |
| 8288833875 | St. Petersburg | capital city and major port that Peter the Great established in 1703 | 8 | |
| 8288833876 | balance of power | condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries | 9 | |
| 8288833877 | Ninety-Five Theses | a critique of the Catholic doctrine of indulgences and papal authority produced by Martin Luther | 10 | |
| 8288833878 | missionary | an individual who spreads his or her religious beliefs to others | 11 | |
| 8288833879 | Society of Jesus | a Roman Catholic order of religious men founded by St. Ignatius of Loyola | 12 | |
| 8288833880 | Treaty of Westphalia | 1648, ended the 30 Year War and created the state system | 13 | |
| 8288833881 | Charles V | Holy Roman Emperor and Charles I of Spain, tried to keep Europe religiously united | 14 | |
| 8288833882 | Spanish Inquisition | a program ordered by the Spanish monarchy to investigate and eliminate heresy in the kingdom | 15 | |
| 8288833883 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715 | 16 | |
| 8288833884 | Versailles | palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility | 17 | |
| 8288833885 | Catherine II | enlightened despot who drafted Russian constitution but never put it into practice | 18 | |
| 8288833886 | capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership of capital | 19 | |
| 8288833887 | Adam Smith | seen as the Father of Capitalism. Published The Wealth of Nations in 1776 | 20 | |
| 8288833888 | VOC | 1602 joint-stock company; chartered to control Dutch trading and to achieve a monopoly between the cape of good hope and the Magellan strait | 21 | |
| 8288833889 | ptolemaic universe | earth is the center of the universe | 22 | |
| 8288833890 | joint-stock companies | businesses in which a group of people invest together | 23 | |
| 8288833891 | Newton | English mathematician and physicist; SI unit of force | 24 | |
| 8288833892 | John Locke | English philosopher who argued that people have natural rights | 25 | |
| 8288833893 | putting-out system | system that involved gaining control of raw materials for goods; reorganized production | 26 | |
| 8288833894 | Copernican Universe | Copernicus' suggestion in 1543 that the sun, rather than the earth, was the center of the universe | 27 | |
| 8288833895 | deism | the belief that god created the world and then left it to its own devices | 28 |
