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| 8867721426 | Who were the Indigenous people in Spanish Caribbean? | Taino | 0 | |
| 8867721427 | Where did the Portuguese settle down in the New world? | Brazil | 1 | |
| 8867721428 | What is the Ecomienda system? Where was it used? How? | Land grant to Spanish settlers with total control over the people in that land. It was used in Spanish Caribbean to force Indians to labor for them (Spanish) | 2 | |
| 8867721429 | How did the Spanish treat the Indigenous people (Taino)? | They forced Taino people to work in sugarcane plantation, gold, and silver mining. Plus they killed Taino people through abuse and smallpox. | 3 | |
| 8867721430 | What led the Spanish to take silver and sugarcane? | They did not find enough gold | 4 | |
| 8867721431 | Describe the Spanish colonial administration | Formed in 1570: Administrative centers in Mexico and Peru. Governed by Viceroys and supervised by Audencia to prevent local power growing too big | 5 | |
| 8867721432 | Who is Viceroy? | Local governor with most powerful jurisdiction | 6 | |
| 8867721433 | What is Audencia? | Spanish court | 7 | |
| 8867721434 | What treaty gave Brazil to the Portuguese? Who made it? Describe that treaty. | Treaty of Todesillas made by the Pope gave Brazil to Portuguese. It drew a line of demarcation that classified east land to Portuguese and west land to Spanish | 8 | |
| 8867721435 | Where was the capital of New Spain | Mexico-city | 9 | |
| 8867721436 | What is the Council of Indies? What did it do? | Body in the Spanish government answering only to the crown. It made decisions for the New World | 10 | |
| 8867721437 | Describe the governing style in Brazil. | King gave Brazil to nobles and sent a governor to oversee nobles | 11 | |
| 8867721438 | What was the main "wealth" in Brazil? | Sugarcane plantation | 12 | |
| 8867721439 | Where was the first settlement in North America? | Saint Augustine in Florida (Spanish) | 13 | |
| 8867721440 | What were the problems the French and English faced when settling colonies in the 1600s? | Isolation of their settlements and food shortages which led to starvation | 14 | |
| 8867721441 | Where did the English settle their colonies? (give name) in North American during the 17th century? | Jamestown and Massachusetts Bay (Plymouth) | 15 | |
| 8867721442 | Where did the French settle their colonies? (give name) in North American during the 17th century? | Nova Scotia and Quebec | 16 | |
| 8867721443 | Where did the Dutch settle their colonies? (give name) in North American during the 17th century? | New Amsterdam | 17 | |
| 8867721444 | What were the 2 most productive industries in the New World? | Agriculture and mining | 18 | |
| 8867721445 | What is the basis of Spanish ruling unit in New World? | Viceroyalty | 19 | |
| 8867721446 | Where is the capital of viceroyalty in Peru? | Lima | 20 | |
| 8867721447 | Describe the power flow in the New World in the Spanish colonies (who had supreme power, who was next etc.) | King --> council of Indies --> central viceroy--> audencia | 21 | |
| 8867721448 | How was the English and the French different in dealing with Indian conflicts? | English stood clear from Indians while French had more Indian-French relationships which led to the brith of "metis" children | 22 | |
| 8867721449 | Describe the social hierarchy in the New World. | Based on skin color: Penninsulares --> Creoles --> Mestizos --> Mulato --> Zambos | 23 | |
| 8867721450 | Who are the Penninsulares? | Spanish people who came from Spain | 24 | |
| 8867721451 | Who are the Creoles? | 100% Spanish but born in New World | 25 | |
| 8867721452 | Who are the Mestizos? | Spanish-Indian children | 26 | |
| 8867721453 | Who are the Mulatos? | Spanish-African children | 27 | |
| 8867721454 | Who are the Zambos? | Africans and Indians | 28 | |
| 8867721455 | What caused Spanish to develop Ecomienda system? | Mining in New World became a crucial industry that it led the Spanish to take the Mita System and bring it to the New World which led to the creation of Ecomienda system. | 29 | |
| 8867721456 | What is the Mita system? | Conscripted labor. 1/7th of males at natives villages not part of New Spain had to labor | 30 | |
| 8867721457 | Which 2 countries/nations competed in Manila? With what? | Japan silver vs New World silver | 31 | |
| 8867721458 | What did the Encomienda system lead to in the 1680s? | Debt pionage | 32 | |
| 8867721459 | What is debt pionage? | When the Spanish lend money to the natives for seeds, plow, etc. and force them to pay back through labor with too low wages | 33 | |
| 8867721460 | What are "haciendas"? What was its role? | Large private estates that were the basis of Spanish American production. It produced foodstuffs (agriculture) for Latin America civilization. Also explicitly used encomienda system for labor. | 34 | |
| 8867721461 | Name a few natives' rebellions against Spanish. | Pueblo rebellion, Tupac Amaru rebellion, and Poma de Ayala wrote 1200 pages letter to Philip III asking for natives protection. It was never seen by Phillip III | 35 | |
| 8867721462 | When did large slavery begin in Brazil? Why? | 1580, large slavery began in Brazil due to cash crops that required many labors from slaves. | 36 | |
| 8867721463 | What replaced slavery in the north for cash crops labor? | Indentured servants | 37 | |
| 8867721464 | How was labor provided in Brazil for sugar production? | Because not much Indians labored in Brazil Portuguese brought African slaves | 38 | |
| 8867721465 | How was the labor provided in north American agriculture? | Indentured servants for cultivation of cash crops. North America did not have too much African slaves like south because there wasn't as much labor-intensive crops. | 39 | |
| 8867721466 | Which 2 empires were most prominent in Africa before the arrival of the Portuguese? | Ghana and Mali | 40 | |
| 8867721467 | Why were the Swahili city states on the decline? | Portuguese Vasco da Gama clashes with Africans on eastern coast, and on 1505 Portuguese gunships dominate Swahili ports. Africa never fully recovered from Portuguese's destructions | 41 | |
| 8867721468 | Which empire took over after the Mali empire? How did they fall? | Songhay empire. The Moroccan army destroyed Songhay empire. | 42 | |
| 8867721469 | Which kingdom took over after the Songhay empire? | Kingdom of Kongo. | 43 | |
| 8867721470 | Who is Alfonso I? What did he do? | Kongo king who converted to catholic because Portuguese were Catholics. He built some relation with Portuguese and also tried to convert others in Kongo into Christianity. | 44 | |
| 8867721471 | Describe the slave raiding in Kongo. | Initial Portuguese attempts at slave raiding. Africans captured other Africans and sold them as slaves in exchange for weapons. Kings of Kongo tried to stop slavery, but Portuguese destroyed king. | 45 | |
| 8867721472 | Which kingdom gained independence from Kongo? Describe it. | Ndongo gains wealth and independence from Kongo through slave trade. | 46 | |
| 8867721473 | Name one famous queen from Ndongo kingdom and explain what she did. | Queen Nzinga formed alliance with Dutch thinking they can help fight against Portuguese, but Dutch did not. | 47 | |
| 8867721474 | Name other regional kingdoms besides Ndongo and Kongo and describe it. | Great Zimbabwe (1300) built by chieftains trading with Swahili-city-states, and Cape Town established by Dutch in 1652. | 48 | |
| 8867721475 | Who were the natives in Cape Town? | Khoikhoi (Hottentots) | 49 | |
| 8867721476 | Which other European nation competed with Portugal in settling colonies in Africa? | England | 50 | |
| 8867721477 | Who is Ibn Battuta and what did he do? | African Marco Polo who constantly tried to convert Africans into Islamic faith. | 51 | |
| 8867721478 | Describe the presence of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa. | After Ibn Battuta failed to convert Africans into Islamic, the Fulani people used military campaign to enforce sharia in west Africa. | 52 | |
| 8867721479 | Who is Dona Beatriz and what did she do? What was her purpose? | A Christian woman who claimed that she was possessed by Saint Anthony of Padua and claimed that Jesus was black, Kongo was the holy land, and heaven was for Africans. She wanted to convert Africans into Christianity. | 53 | |
| 8867721480 | What happened to Dona Beatriz after her claims? | King Pedro IV of Kongo burned her at the stake for witchcraft. | 54 | |
| 8867721481 | Name one famous crop introduced in African from America. What did it do? | Manioc production increased population like the potato production did in Ireland. | 55 | |
| 8867721482 | How did slavery impact Africa? | Some societies benefited from it like Dahomi society, there were more women than men which led to polygamy, women took males' roles, and growth of army. | 56 | |
| 8867721483 | Describe the triangular trade |  | 57 | |
| 8867721484 | Describe slavery in America (north vs south) | There wasn't a lot in North America (5%), there were more diseases affecting slave trade in south due to tropical climate, there was normal sex ratio in north for reproduction. | 58 | |
| 8867721485 | What is the Maroon? | Community of flight slaves or slaves that fled slavery | 59 | |
| 8867721486 | Which slave resistance was one of the earliest, successful one? | Slave resistance in Hawaii | 60 |
