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| 9640575053 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | Heir apparent to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination in Sarajevo set in motion the events that started World War I. | 0 | |
| 9640598634 | Sarajevo | administrative center of the Bosnian province of Austrian Empire; assassination there of Archduke Ferdinand in 1914 proved to be the spark that started World War I. | 1 | |
| 9640667203 | Western Front | front established in World War I; generally along line from Belgium to Switzerland; featured trench warfare and horrendous casualties for all sides in the conflict. | 2 | |
| 9640717324 | Nicholas II | Tsar of Russia 1894 to 1917; forcefully suppressed political opposition and resisted constitutional government; deposed by revolution 1917. | 3 | |
| 9640797994 | Gallipoli | Peninsula south of in Istanbul; site of decisive 1915 victory over Australia and New Zealand forces under British command during World War I. | 4 | |
| 9640831329 | Armenian genocide | Assault carried out by mainly Turkish military forces against Armenian population in Anatolia in 1915; over a million Armenians perished and thousands fled to Russia and the Middle East. | 5 | |
| 9640867334 | Eastern Front | most mobile of the fronts established during WWI; after early successes, military defeats led to downfall of the tsarist government in Russia. | 6 | |
| 9640876610 | Adolf Hitler | Nazi leader of Germany from 1933 to his suicide in 1945; created a strongly centralized state in Germany eliminated all rivals; launched Germany on aggressive foreign policy leading to World War II; responsible for genocide of all European Jews. | 7 | |
| 9666144223 | Georges Clemenceau | French prime minister in the last years of World War I and during the Versailles Conference of 1919, pushed for heavy reparations from Germans. | 8 | |
| 9666144224 | David Lloyd George | Prime minister of Great Britain who headed a coalition government through much of World War I and the turbulent years that followed. | 9 | |
| 9666145184 | self-determination | Right of people in a region to choose their own political system and leaders. | 10 | |
| 9666308797 | League of Nations | International diplomatic and peace organization created in the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I; one of the chief goals of President Woodrow Wilson of the United States in the peace negotiations; the United States was never a member. | 11 | |
| 9666308296 | National Congress Party | Grew out of regional association of Western educated Indians; originally centered in cities are Bombay, Poona, Calcutta, Madras; became political party in 1885; focus of nationalist movement in India; governed through most of postcolonial period | 12 | |
| 9666424241 | B.G. Tilak | 1854- 1920 believed nationalism in India should be based on appeals to Hindu religiosity; worked to promote the restoration and revival of ancient Hindu traditions; offended Muslims and other religious groups; first populist leader in Indian nationalist movement. | 13 | |
| 9666434134 | Morley-Minto Reforms | Provided educated Indians with considerably expanded opportunities to elect and serve on local and all-India legislative councils. | 14 | |
| 9666447579 | Montagu-Chlemsford reforms | Increase the powers of Indian legislators at the all-India level and placed much of the provincial administration of India under local ministries controlled by legislative bodies with substantial numbers of elected Indians; passed in 1919. | 15 | |
| 9666459260 | Rowlatt Act | Placed severe restrictions on key Indian civil rights such as freedom of the press; acted to offset the concessions granted under Montagu-Chlemsford reforms of 1919. | 16 | |
| 9666467165 | Mohandas Gandhi | 1869-1948, led sustained all-India campaign for independence from British empire after WWI; stressed nonviolent but aggressive mass protest. | 17 | |
| 9666467166 | satyagraha | literally "truth force" strategy of nonviolent protest developed by Gandhi and his followers in India; later deployed throughout colonized world and in the U.S. | 18 | |
| 9666485743 | Lord Cromer | 1841-1917, British Consul-General in khedival Egypt from 1883 to 1907; pushed for economic reforms that reduced but failed to eliminate the debts of the khedival regime. | 19 | |
| 9666497411 | effendi | class of prosperous business and professional urban families in khedival Egypt; as a class generally favored Egyptian independence. | 20 | |
| 9666503918 | Dinshawai incident | clash between British soldiers and Egyptian villagers in 1906; arose over hunting accident along Nile River where wife of prayer leader of mosque was accidently shot by army officers hunting pigeons, led to Egyptian protest movement. | 21 | |
| 9666520272 | Ataturk | AKA Mustafa Kemal; leader of Turkish republic formed in 1923; reformed Turkish nation using Western methods. | 22 | |
| 9666528952 | Hussein | Sheriff of Mecca from 1908 to 1917 independence; used British promise to convince Arabs to support Britain against the Turks in World War I; angered by Britain's failure to keep promise; died 1931. | 23 | |
| 9666528953 | mandates | government entrusted to European nations in the Middle East in the aftermath of World War I; Britain and France assumed control in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine after 1922. | 24 | |
| 9666531799 | Zionism | movement originating in eastern Europe during the 1860s and 1870s whose leaders argued that the Jews must return to a Middle Eastern holy land; eventually identified with the settlement of Palestine. | 25 | |
| 9666532651 | Balfour Declaration | British minister Lord Balfour's promise of support for the establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine issued in 1917. | 26 | |
| 9666533618 | Leon Pinkser | 1821-1891 European Zionist who believed that Jewish assimilation into Christian European nations was impossible; argued for return to Middle Eastern Holy Land. | 27 | |
| 9666534452 | Theodor Herzl | Austrian journalist and Zionist; formed World Zionist Organization in 1897; promoted Jewish migration to Palestine and formation of a Jewish state. | 28 | |
| 9666535263 | Alfred Dreyfus | 1859-1935 French Jew falsely accused of passing military secrets to the Germans, his mistreatment and exile to Devil's island provided flash-point for years of bitter debate between left and right in France. | 29 | |
| 9666536676 | World Zionist Organization | Founded by Theodor Herzl to promote Jewish migration to and settlement in Palestine to form a Zionist state. | 30 | |
| 9666651616 | Wafd party | Egyptian nationalist party that emerged after an Egyptian delegation was refused a hearing at the Versailles Treaty negotiations following WW1; led by Sa'd Zaghlul; negotiations eventually led to limited Egyptian independence beginning in 1922. | 31 | |
| 9666665735 | Marcus Garvey | African American political leader, had a major impact on emerging African nationalist leaders in the 1920s and 1930s. | 32 | |
| 9666670707 | W. E. B. Du Bois | one of the most influential African American intellectuals and spokesmen of the 20th century. His extensive and widely read writings on the plight of blacks in American society and critiques of racism were foundational to both civil rights movements in the U.S. and African resistance to colonialism. | 33 | |
| 9666666354 | pan-african | Organization that brought together intellectuals and political leaders from areas of Africa and African diaspora before and after WWI. | 34 | |
| 9666667099 | negritude | literary movement in Africa, attempted to combat racial stereotypes of African culture; celebrated the beauty of black skin and African physique; associated with origins of Africa nationalist movements. | 35 |
