Terms : Hide Images
| 4290716337 | Josef Stalin | Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communist Party after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush all opposition | 0 | |
| 4290716338 | USSR | The United Soviet Socialist Republics | 1 | |
| 4290716339 | Stalin's ambition for the USSR | to turn the USSR into an industrial nation and increase power of Communist Party | 2 | |
| 4290716340 | Five Year Plans | Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most other products and were enforced by the police powers of the state. They succeeded in making the Soviet Union a major industrial power before World War II | 3 | |
| 4290716341 | Collectivization | consolidating small private farms into vast collectives and making the farmers work together in commonly owned fields | 4 | |
| 4290716342 | Kulaks | ("fists") the better-off peasants | 5 | |
| 4290716343 | Effects of the Kulak Protests | - kulaks resisted collectivization, so soldiers forced them into it - Stalin order "liquidation of kulaks" - the exile of kulaks left only incompetent farmers - bad harvests led to famine | 6 | |
| 4290716344 | Second 5 Year Plan | - 1933-1937 - intended to produce consumer goods, but was changed to emphasize heavy industries that could produces arms | 7 | |
| 4290716345 | NKVD | - Stalin's secret police force - made to prevent rebellion, created climate of suspicion and fear | 8 | |
| 4290716346 | The Purges | - Stalin ordered a series of purges where he accused Lenin's associates with treason - execution of top generals left the Red Army weak | 9 | |
| 4290716347 | Gulags | - labor camps that Russians were sent to - many died of malnutrition or exposure | 10 | |
| 4290716348 | Wartime propaganda | - used by radical politicians to sway confused citizens - promised employment, territorial conquests, no communism | 11 | |
| 4290716349 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy. He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia, joined Germany in the Axis pact, and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. | 12 | |
| 4290716350 | Fascist Party | Italian political party created by Benito Mussolini during World War I. It emphasized aggressive nationalism and was Mussolini's instrument for the creation of a dictatorship in Italy from 1922 to 1943. | 13 | |
| 4290716351 | What is fascism? | a form of radical authoritarian nationalism that is considered to be on the far right of political viewpoints | 14 | |
| 4290716352 | Adolf Hitler | Born in Austria, Hitler became a radical German nationalist during World War I. He led the national Socialist German Workers' Party - the Nazis - in the 1920s and became dictator of Germany in 1933. He led Europe into World War II. | 15 | |
| 4290716353 | Nazis | German political party led by Adolf Hitler, emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazis became the only legal party and an instrument of Hitler's absolute rule. The party's formal name was National Socialist German Workers' Party. | 16 | |
| 4290716354 | Mein Kampf | - "My Struggle" - book written by Hitler that outlined his goals/beliefs - didn't get much attention because people thought his ideas were insane | 17 | |
| 4290716355 | Aryans | - Hitler believed they were the "master race" - consisted of Germans, Scandinavians, and Britons | 18 | |
| 4290716356 | Lebensraum | - one of Hitler's goals that would be achieved through annexation of neighbor countries - "room to live" | 19 | |
| 4290716357 | Fuhrer | - "leader" - Hitler proclaimed himself _____ in 1934 | 20 | |
| 4290716358 | Third Reich | Hitler called his rule the third reich, after the first (Holy Roman Empire) and second (German Empire of 1871 to 1918) | 21 | |
| 4290716359 | Nazi economic and social policies | - government undertook massive public works projects - businesses got contracts to manufacture weapons - women were urged to release their jobs to men - the new policies were very effective | 22 | |
| 4290716360 | League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the US to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s, and it was superseded by the United Nations in 1945. | 23 | |
| 4290716361 | Conscription | in 1935, Hitler announced that Germany was going to introduce conscription (drafting people into army), although it was in violation of the treaty of Versailles | 24 | |
| 4290716362 | Responses by France and Britain when Italy/Germany started testing their military strength | - leaders of France and Britain gave Hitler everything he wanted at the Munich Conference | 25 | |
| 4290716363 | Anschluss | Nazi propaganda term for annexing Austria to Nazi Germany | 26 | |
| 4290716364 | Appeasement | - the weakness of the democracies and their lack of integrity allowed Hitler to take what he wanted | 27 | |
| 4290716365 | Three causes of appeasement | - they feared another World War, the spread of communism, and thought that Hitler would stay true to his word about not expanding beyond Czechoslovakia | 28 | |
| 4290716366 | Munich Conference | In September 1938, France, Britain, and Italy gave Hitler the freedom to annex Czechoslovakia as long as he would stop there | 29 | |
| 4290716367 | Neville Chamberlain | - Britain's prime minister - went to Hitler with a contract saying that after Czechoslovakia, he would stop annexing territory - thought that Hitler would stay true to his word | 30 | |
| 4290716368 | Nazi-Soviet Pact | - in August 1939, Germany and USSR decided to split Poland - freed Hitler from the fear of a two-front war | 31 | |
| 4290716369 | Guomindang | Nationalist political party founded on democratic principles by Sun Yat-sen in 1912. After 1925, the party was headed by Chiang Kai-shek, who turned it into an increasingly authoritarian movement | 32 | |
| 4290716370 | Japanese occupation of Manchuria | - China wanted to challenge Japanese presence in Manchuria (mineral wealth) - claimed that "Manchukuo" was independent, but it was still under Japanese control | 33 | |
| 4290716371 | Chiang Kai-shek | Chinese military and political leader. Succeeded Sun Yat-sen as head of the Guomindang in 1925; headed the Chinese government from 1928 to 1948; fought against the chinese Communists and Japanese invaders. After 1949 he headed the Chinese Nationalist government in Taiwan. | 34 | |
| 4290716372 | Mao Zedong | Leader of the Chinese Communist Party (1927-1976). He led the Communists on the Long March (1934-1935) and rebuilt the Communist Party and Red Army during the Japanese occupation of China (1937-1945). After World War II, he led the Communists to victory over the Guomindang. He ordered the Cultural Revolution in 1966. | 35 | |
| 4290716373 | How Mao's communist theory differed from Lenin's ideology | - Mao relied on the peasantry while Lenin stressed the backwardness of the peasants and relied on industrial workers | 36 | |
| 4290716374 | Long March | The 6000 mile flight of chinese Communists from southeastern to northwestern China. The Communists, led by Mao Zedong, were pursued by the Chinese army under orders from Chiang Kai-shek. the four thousand survivors of the march formed the nucleus of a revived Communist movement that defeated the Guomindang after World War II. | 37 | |
| 4290716375 | Sino-Japanese War | - junior officers in the Japanese army ordered an attack on Beijing - Japan started to control many coastal trading cities - League of Nations denounced Japanese aggression - Chinese armies were poorly led - Japan's standard of living plummeted - Japan committed Rape of Nanjing - Chiang (nationalist) and Mao (communist) built up their armies - Mao got support by saying they were the only people who were serious about fighting the Japanese | 38 | |
| 4290716376 | Effects of war on Japanese people | - life became harsher and more repressive - taxes rose, food and fuel became scarce, more men were drafted | 39 | |
| 4290716377 | The Rape of Nanjing | Japanese troops took Nanjing, raped thousands of women, killed thousands of people, and burned/looted the city | 40 | |
| 4290716378 | Communists and Nationalist preparations for civil war | - Chiang fled to central China to build up his army against the communists, but he didn't have enough money to support all of the army - Mao formed their communist army and got support from people who were against the Japanese (used propaganda to convey that they were the only ones serious about fighting Japan) | 41 | |
| 4290716379 | How motorized vehicles made WWII different than the Great War | - motorized vehicles gave the advantage to the offensive instead of the defensive - allowed troops to move quickly and gain victories | 42 | |
| 4290716380 | Blitzkrieg | - "lightning war" - fighter planes scattered enemy troops and disrupted communications - tanks punctured the enemy's defenses | 43 | |
| 4290716381 | Polish Cavalry vs. German tanks | In the 1939 Polish invasion, their infantry and cavalry were no match for German and Russian tanks | 44 | |
| 4290716382 | Germany advances 1939-1941 | - Hitler invaded Poland, then Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, and Belgium - he unsuccessfully attacked France and Britain - in 1941, he attacked Russia, but was turned away by the harsh weather | 45 | |
| 4290716383 | Winston Churchill | - British prime minister during many of Hitler's invasions | 46 | |
| 4290716384 | The Battle of Britain | - German launched a massive air attack on the British - it failed because the Royal Air Force used radar and code-breaking to detect approaching German planes | 47 | |
| 4290716385 | Royal Air Force | Britain's air force | 48 | |
| 4290716386 | German advances eastward 1941-43 | - Hitler invaded Russia in 1941, but was turned away by the weather - he returned a year later in Leningrad (successful) - he went to Stalingrad and fought the Red Army, but ended up losing to the USSR | 49 | |
| 4290716387 | Battle of Stalingrad | Germany and USSR fought in Stalingrad from 1942-43 until Germany surrendered in February 1943 | 50 | |
| 4290716388 | Italian invasion of Africa | - after France's fall, Mussolini revamped his imperial ambitions - overran British Somaliland then invaded Egypt - British counterattacked and Italians crumbled - Italy pulled in Germany to help fight against Brits, but British prevailed | 51 | |
| 4290716389 | Japanese occupation of Indochina | - in 1941, the French government (Germans) allowed Japan to occupy Indochina - US stopped shipments of goods | 52 | |
| 4290716390 | US embargo of Japan | after Japan occupied Indochina, the US stopped importing goods | 53 | |
| 4290716391 | Japanese choices in the wake of the US embargo | 3 choices for Japan: 1. give up its conquests 2. face economic ruin 3. widen the war (this is what Japan chose) | 54 | |
| 4290716392 | Pearl Harbor attack | Naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japanese aircraft on December 7, 1941. The sinking of much of the U.S. Pacific Fleet brought the United States into World War II. | 55 | |
| 4290716393 | Battle of Midway | U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II. | 56 | |
| 4290716394 | Turning points in Europe and the Pacific | - Russia's victory in the Battle of Stalingrad was the turning point for E Europe - D-Day was the turning point for W Europe - the two bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were the turning points for the Pacific | 57 | |
| 4290716395 | Invasion of Sicily | - in July 1943 the Western powers captured Sicily and invaded Italy - caused Italy to sign and armistice | 58 | |
| 4290716396 | D-Day | - June 6, 1944 - British, American, and Canadian troops landed in Normandy, France - largest shipborne assault ever - delivered troops into France to fight Germany | 59 | |
| 4290716397 | V-E Day | - after Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders on May 7, 1945 | 60 | |
| 4290716398 | Atomic bomb | the US dropped two atomic bombs on Japan in 1945, one in Hiroshima and one in Nagasaki | 61 | |
| 4290716399 | Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on august 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. | 62 | |
| 4290716400 | Nagasaki | city in Southern Japan where the second atomic bomb was dropped | 63 | |
| 4290716401 | End of civil war in China | - after Japan's surrender, the US sent aid to the Guomindang to promote nationalism - built a giant army, but treated citizens poorly and lost supporters | 64 | |
| 4290716402 | Taiwan | - Guomindang were defeated by communists and fled to Taiwan, where they became the People's Republic of China | 65 | |
| 4290716403 | Total deaths of WWII | - close to 60 millions deaths, six to eight times more than WWI | 66 | |
| 4290716404 | Belligerent | a nation engaged in war | 67 | |
| 4290716405 | Radar | - perfected during WWII - warned of approaching enemy aircraft and submarines | 68 | |
| 4290716406 | Cryptanalyst | - broke enemy codes and were able to penetrate secret military communications | 69 | |
| 4290716407 | Antibiotics | - medicine against bacterial diseases/infections | 70 | |
| 4290716408 | Albert Einstein | - Jewish refugee that warned of the dangers of nuclear power in 1939 | 71 | |
| 4290716409 | Allied fire-bombing | - bombing raids in Germany and Japan that set out to lower the morale of the civilian population | 72 | |
| 4290716410 | Ghettos | Nazis herded the Jewish population into ghettos, where they died of starvation and disease | 73 | |
| 4290716411 | Final solution | - apply modern industrial methods to the slaughter of human beings - people were worked to death or killed with poison gas | 74 | |
| 4290716412 | I. G. Farben | - created a magnetized plastic tape that removed the hissing background sounds from recordings (Magnetophon) - Germans kept this advanced technology out of the hands of others | 75 | |
| 4290716413 | Auschwitz | Nazi extermination camp in Poland, the largest center of mass murder during the Holocaust. Close to a million Jews, Gypsies, Communists, and others were killed there. | 76 | |
| 4290716414 | Holocaust | Nazis' program during World War II to kill people the considered undesirable. Some 6 million Jews perished during the Holocaust, along with millions of Poles, Gypsies, Communists, Socialists, and others. | 77 | |
| 4290716415 | How the "home front" differed in WWI vs. WWII | - in WWI, there was a clear distinction between the "front" and the "home front" - in WWII, the rapid military movements took the war to people's homes | 78 | |
| 4290716416 | Women's roles in the war | - employers recruited women to work in places of men (men's work) - many men were opposed to it because it took women away from the family | 79 | |
| 4290716417 | American economic boom | thanks to the need to military supplies, unemployment plummeted and American quality of living increased | 80 | |
| 4290716418 | The "good war" - why was it called this in the USA | - jobs were plentiful, bread lines disappeared, nutrition and health improved - Americans saved money, which caused a consumer boom | 81 | |
| 4290716419 | Environmental impact of WWII | - industrial work for the war put stress on the environment - battles scarred the landscape, mining expanded, deforestation | 82 | |
| 4290716420 | Demand for raw materials | as war industries boomed, so did the demand for raw materials; new mines were opened up | 83 |
