Chapter 2 Vocabulary of the Earth and it's Peoples 3rd edition of Ap World History
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| 208923283 | Loess | a fine, light silt deposited by wind and water. It constitutes the fertile soil of the Yellow River Valley in northern China. Because it is not compacted, it can be worked with a simple digging stuck, but it leaves the region vulnerable to devastating earthquakes | 0 | |
| 208923284 | Shang | The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records. Ancestor worship, divination by means of oracle bones, and the use of bronze ressels for ritual purposes were major elements of the culture | 1 | |
| 208923285 | Divination | Techniques for ascertaining the future or the will of the gods by interpreting natural phenomena such as, in early China, the racks on oracle bones or, in ancient Greece, the flight of birds through sectors of the sky | 2 | |
| 208923286 | Zhou | The people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in North China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. They era, particularly the vigorous early period was remembered in Chinese tradition as a time of prosperity and benevolent rule. In the later period, centralized control broke down and warfare among many small states became frequent | 3 | |
| 208923287 | Mandate of Heaven | Chines religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaver, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects | 4 | |
| 208923288 | Legalism | In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime and its profligate expenditure of subjects' lives and labor. It was superseded by the Han era by a more benevolent confucian doctrine of governmental moderation | 5 | |
| 208923289 | Confucius | Western name for the Chines philosopher Kongzi. His doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for governmental officials | 6 | |
| 208923290 | Daoism | Chinese school of thought, originating in the Warring States Period with Laozi, offered an alternative to the Confucian emphasis on Hierarchy and duty. Believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality of meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or path of nature | 7 | |
| 208923291 | Yin/Yang | In Chinese belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. One is associated with masculine, light and active qualities; the other with feminine, dark and passive qualities | 8 | |
| 208923292 | Kush | an Egyptian name for Nubia, the region alongside the Nile River south of Egypt, were an indigenous kingdom with its own distinctive institutions and cultural traditions arose beginning early second millennium BCE. It was deeply influenced by Egyptian culture and at times under the control of Egypt, which covered its rich deposits or gold and luxury products from sub-Saharan Africa carried up the Nile corridor | 9 | |
| 208923293 | Meroe | Capital of a flourishing kingdom in southern Nubia from the fourth century BCE to the fourth century CE. In this period, Nubian culture shows more independence from Egypt and the influence of Sub-Saharan Africa | 10 | |
| 208923294 | Olmec | the First Mesoamerican civlization. Between ca 1200 and 400 BCE the people of central Mexico created a vibrant civilization that included intensive agriculture, wide-ranging trade, ceremonial centers, and monumental construction. Had great cultural influence on later Mesoamerican societies, passing on artistic styles, religious imagery, sophisticated astronomical observation for the construction of calendars, and a ritual ball game | 11 | |
| 208923295 | Chavin | the first major urban civilization in South America. It's capital, was located high in the Andes mountains of Peru. Became politically and economically dominant in a densely populated region that included two distinct ecological zones, the Peruvian coastal plain and the Andean foothills | 12 | |
| 208923296 | Llama | a hoofed animal indigenous to the Andes mountains in south america. The only domesticated beast of burden in the americas before the arrival of the Europeans. provided meat a wool. use to transport goods made possible specialized production and trade among people living in different ecological zones and fostered the integration of these zones by Chavin and later Andean states | 13 |
