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| 7576686936 | What were the advantages of using iron instead of bronze? | Iron was a single metal, rather than an alloy. They were many iron sources. Iron was found in the Earth. It had harder, sharper edges than bronze tools. | 0 | |
| 7576686937 | What were the two divisions of Mesopotamia c. 1500 BCE? Where was each of them located? | Babylonia and Assyria were the two divisions of Mesopotamia. Babylonia was located on the south, while Assyria was located on the north. | 1 | |
| 7576686938 | Who were the Kassites and how did they influence Babylonian culture? (Or did they?) | The Kassites were a tribe from the Zagros Mountains (present day Iraq and Iran), who migrated to Babylonia. They did not influence Babylonian culture, however, did adopt the culture. | 2 | |
| 7576686939 | What was the importance of Ashur? | Ashur was an anchored trade route. In other words, it connected to a busy trade route, of important exchanges. | 3 | |
| 7576686940 | What was imported and exported by the Assyrians? | Textiles and tin were imported and exported by Assyrians. Tin was used to make Anatolian silver. | 4 | |
| 7576686941 | Who were the Hittites and why were they important? | The Hittites were people from central Anatolia. They formed an empire in Anatolia and Syria. They developed a technique for making tools and weapons. They also developed the horse-drawn chariot. | 5 | |
| 7576686942 | What happened to Egypt c. 1640 BCE? | Egypt came under foreign rule for the first time, after 3000 years. The Hyksos ruled Egypt and stole the technology of horse-drawn chariots from the Hittites. | 6 | |
| 7576686943 | What were the technological advances of the Hyksos? | The Hyksos possessed many advantageous military technologies, such as the horse drawn chariot, a composite bow, made of wood and horn, and had more velocity. | 7 | |
| 7576686944 | How was the New Kingdom created? | After 500 years, two princes from Thebes took Egypt over control. Kamose and Ahmose expelled the Hyksos from Egypt. This created the New Kingdom. | 8 | |
| 7576686945 | How long did the New Kingdom last? (Give the years) | It lasted for 462 years. | 9 | |
| 7576686946 | The New Kingdom was a period of innovation. Who was the great female queen and what did she accomplish during her reign? | Hatshepsut was the one of the great female queens of the New Kingdom. She opened up trade with the fabled land of Punt. In this way, they were able to retrieve sources such as myrrh, and ivory, cosmetics, live monkeys and panther skins. | 10 | |
| 7576686947 | Who is credited with the creation monotheism? | Akhenaten is credited with the creation of monotheism. He spread the belief of Aten, or the Sun God. | 11 | |
| 7576686948 | How did Akhenaten's beliefs affect religion and politics of his time? | He wanted to reestablish religion by refurbishing the religious temples to the service of one god. He was diminishing people's power and reasserting his power over priests. | 12 | |
| 7576686949 | Why was Ramesses II referred to as "Ramesses, The Great?" | He was referred to "Ramsses, The Great" because he lived for a long period of time, he had built huge monuments, and had many wives, which gave him over a 100 children. Living for a period of time, he was able to assert power. | 13 | |
| 7576686950 | Describe trade between the regions of the time. | Trade between regions was developed and formed diplomatic contacts. There was the good flow of goods, services, and ideas. Trade led to cultural diffusion. There was the trade of metals and technologies (metallurgy). | 14 | |
| 7576686951 | How did transportation change in Mesopotamia and Egypt? | The Hyksos brought horse-drawn chariots to Mesopotamia and Egypt. The chariots helped in fast communication and commerce.(Horses were not brought by a particular group of people). Camels started being used, which aided in long distance trade. | 15 | |
| 7576686952 | Where were the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations located? | The Minoans came from Crete, while the Mycenaeans came from Greece. | 16 | |
| 7576686953 | Which of these societies was the first to have a complex political and social structure in Europe? | Minoans were the societies to have a complex political and social structure in Europe. | 17 | |
| 7576686954 | What type of art are the Minoans known for? | Frescoes were what Minoans known for. | 18 | |
| 7576686955 | What is Linear B? | The Linear B was pictoral symbols or signs to represent syllables. (Minoan and Mycenaean) | 19 | |
| 7576686956 | Describe ancient sailing and seafaring practices. | The ancient people only sailed during daylight hours, as it was really dark in the night. Long distance trade and commerce was possible because of seafaring. They used light, wooden vessels with low keels, which allowed them to go on a beach and eat and sleep for the night. | 20 | |
| 7576686957 | What is The Iliad? | The Iliad was Homer's tale of the Achaeans' ten year siege and the eventual destruction of Troy. | 21 | |
| 7576686958 | What are the speculations about why the Mycenaean civilization declined? What does this show us about ancient civilizations and trade? | Speculations about why the Mycenaean civilization include the destruction of trading partners and disruption of trade routes. Competition for limited resources may have also led to the destruction of the government. Ancient civilizations relied on trade, and without trade, there were major consequences, including the destruction of civilizations. | 22 | |
| 7576686959 | Your text states that the "Assyrians created a new kind of empire, larger in extent than anything seen before." How did they accomplish this? | The Assyrians had a huge military force and cavalry. They also had new technologies, such as the horse-drawn chariot and iron weapons. Both of these components helped them in defeating other kingdoms, and conquering those areas. The rulers in Assyria also led a series of widespread campaigns throughout the Middle East, which gave them access to immediate booty and a long-term prospect to tribute and taxes. | 23 | |
| 7576686960 | What was the role of the king in Assyria? | The king ruled all of the land, and all of the people, including the highest ranking officials, worked as his servants. He is believed to be the gods' "chosen earthly representative". He appointed officials, heard complaints, dictated correspondence to an army of scribes, and received foreign envoys. He also operated as the military leader, and devoted much of his time in the state religion, by attending rituals and overseeing the upkeep of temples. | 24 | |
| 7576686961 | Describe Assyrian military technologies and techniques. | The Assyrian military consisted of soldiers, including bowmen, slingers who launched stone projectiles, a cavalry, spearmen, and four-man chariots. One of their technologies, iron weapons, gave them an advantage over their opponents. The engineers of the civilization developed machinery and tactics, in order to besiege fortified towns. The Assyrians used terror tactics to discourage rebellion, as well as resistance. These tactics were very harsh and brutal. One of these tactics was mass deportation, which was the forcible removal of large numbers of people. | 25 | |
| 7576686962 | What area links Anatolia (Turkey), Egypt, Arabia, and Mesopotamia? | Israel links Anatolia (Turkey), Egypt, Arabia, and Mesopotamia. | 26 | |
| 7576686963 | What text is used as the foundation for the history of the Israelite people? | The Hebrew Bible is used as the foundation for the history of the Israelite people. | 27 | |
| 7576686964 | What is the significance of the city of Ur? | Abraham, who was an important person from the Hebrew Bible, was born in the city of Ur. | 28 | |
| 7576686965 | Describe the life of the early nomadic Israelites. | Nomadic Israelites were often herders/pastoralists, etc., They engaged in herding but later became sedentary agricultural people. They later had complex political and social institutions, including monotheism (one god -Yahweh).They settled in agricultural areas and eventually settled down into an agricultural life. Pastoralists camped by a permanent water source in the dry season, then they drove herds to grazing areas. The animals were able to offer them resources, including milk and cloth. | 29 | |
| 7576686966 | Who lead the Israelites out of Egypt in what is known as the Exodus? | Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt into Exodus. | 30 | |
| 7576686967 | What is the moral law code of the Israelites? | The moral law code was the Ten Commandments. | 31 | |
| 7576686968 | What were the governmental divisions of the Israelites? | There were 12 tribes. Each of the tribes had a chief. The chief was responsible for his own tribe/section of his country. The judges had control over all of them. God was the king. | 32 | |
| 7576686969 | Who united Israel? | David united Israel. | 33 | |
| 7576686970 | Who reigned during the highpoint of the Israelite monarchy? | Solomon reigned during the highpoint of the Israelite monarchy. He brought people together to attack the Philistines. The Israelite monarchy had lowered until the Nebakanezer. | 34 | |
| 7576686971 | What type(s) of trade characterized this time period? | Alliances and trade linked Israel with near and distant lands. They traded within their own tribes, but also traded with regions as far as south Arabia. Solomon traded well with the Phoenicians. | 35 | |
| 7576686972 | Describe family life in ancient Israel. | The Israelites lived in extended families, several generations residing together under the authority of the eldest male. Male heirs were of paramount importance, and first born sons received a double share of inheritance. | 36 | |
| 7576686973 | Who was Deborah? | Deborah was one of the few women who had reached position of power. She was a judge who led troops in battle against the Canaanites. | 37 | |
| 7576686974 | What is the name of the Hebrew God? | Yahweh is the name of the Hebrew God. | 38 | |
| 7576686975 | What was the Diaspora? | Diaspora describes the scattering of the Jews in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. | 39 | |
| 7576686976 | What did the Phoenicians call themselves? | Phoenicians called themselves Canaanites. | 40 | |
| 7576686977 | Who introduced iron-based metallurgy to the Mediterranean area? | The Philistines introduced iron-based metallurgy. | 41 | |
| 7576686978 | What type of trade brought wealth to the Phoenician city-states? | A thriving trade in raw materials (cedar and pine, metals, incense, papyrus), foodstuffs(wine, spices, salted fish) and crafted luxury goods (carved ivory, glass, and textiles colored with a highly prized purple dye extracted from murex snail) brought wealth to Phoenician city-states. | 42 | |
| 7576686979 | Who created the first true alphabet system based off of the Phoenician system? | The Greeks added symbol to the Phoenician system, making it the "first true alphabet system". | 43 | |
| 7576686980 | What was the importance of Tyre? | Tyre rised to prominence in 969 B.C.E. Tyre took control of nearby Sidon and dominated mediterranean coastal trade. It was built on an island, that has two harbors connected by a canal, a large marketplace, a magnificent palace complex, and temples to the gods Melqart and Astarte. (present day Lebanon) | 44 | |
| 7576686981 | Historians know the most about which Phoenician city-state? Why? | Historians know the most about Carthage. There were many Greek and Roman reports written about their wars with the western Phoenician communities, hence, giving historians a various amount of information about Carthage. | 45 | |
| 7576686982 | Describe Carthaginian/Phoenician military technology. | Carthage had an excellent navy, which was able to enforce Carthaginian monopoly in the western Mediterranean. They had fast, maneuverable galleys with huge oars.The ships had sturdy rams to ram the other boats. They had marines that fired weapons, and they could seat up to 170 rowmen. Carthage relied on mercenaries from the most warlike | 46 | |
| 7576686983 | What were the deities of Phoenicia like? | Baal Hamon was their male-storm god. This was because they were seafarers. Tanit was a female fertility god, who bid fertility to both the land and people. | 47 | |
| 7576686984 | What are tophets? | Tophets are walled enclosures where thousands of small, sealed urns containing the burned bones of children lay buried. | 48 | |
| 7576686985 | How did a cosmopolitan civilization develop in the Middle East during the Late Bronze Age, and what forms did it take? | A cosmopolitan civilization developed through trade and commerce, blending cultures. The good diplomatic relations, as well as the commercial contacts helped in the proper trade of materials. The elite groups shared similar values and enjoyed a high standard of living, while the peasants gained some benefits. The civilization took forms such as the Hittites, Kassites, Assyrians. | 49 | |
| 7576686986 | What civilizations emerged in the Aegean world, and what relationship did they have to the older civilizations to the east? | The Minoans (from Crete), as well as the Mycenaean (from Peloponnese (Greece)) were the civilizations that emerged from the Aegean World. They connected with the older civilizations through long distance trade and contact. They were seafarers. This helped them go to farther countries and meet older civilizations. | 50 | |
| 7576686987 | How did the Assyrian Empire rise to power and eventually dominate most of the ancient Middle East? | They had superior military organization and technology. If you served in the army, you get land (led to the creation of professional soldiers). They used force and terror (foot soldiers and a series of campaigns), which led them rise to power. The foot soldiers revived Assyrian power, while the widespread campaigns gave them access to immediate booty and a long-term prospect of tribute and taxes. They also had access to vital resources, such as metals, which helped them control international commerce. They had new technologies, such as horse drawn chariots and iron weapons. They also had a huge military, including light armed bowmen, slingers, spearmen, cavalry, and four-man chariot. Assyrian engineers who digged tunnels, formed mobile towers, and applied rams to weak points. They had long-distance communication through signal fires and couriers. They had terror tactics, such as throwing prisoners into a fire or skinning them alive. All of these components helped them defeat other kingdoms, hence leading them to conquer those areas and dominate most of the ancient Middle East. | 51 | |
| 7576686988 | How did the civilization of Israel develop, following both familiar cultural patterns and a unique course of its own? | They were nomadic pastoralists. They wanted to keep their tribes' culture together and they were monotheistic. They based their system on 12 tribes, and they were jews. They followed the Hebrew Bible. They lived in extended families, seven generations residing together. They did not feed on anything that fed on dead animals, and did not hooved animals, such as pigs. Many other cultures/religions blended some of their tactics, such as Christianity and Islam. | 52 | |
| 7576686989 | How did the Phoenicians rise to commercial dominance over much of the Mediterranean world? | The Phoenicians provided a friendly network of ports. The Carthaginians had an excellent navy. They were extremely warlike, and fought Punic wars. | 53 | |
| 7576686990 | Between 750 and 550 B.C.E., what factors prompted the transformation of the ancient Middle East? | The wars caused by the Assyrians lead them to conquer many lands in the Middle East. They lead to Tyre's fall, which increased the decline of the Phoenician homeland. Carthage, however, flourished. The Egyptian kingdom also declined, as a result of the Assyrian invaders. Babylon was also rebuilt by the Assyrians. There was reduced popular support for the Assyrians. But, at the same time, because of these wars, Assyrians were "sapped of resources". Later, around 612 B.C.E., the Chaldeans and Medes defeated the Assyrians, through as series of attacks. Much of the destruction led to depopulation in northern Mesopotamia. The Medes took over the Assyrian homeland, but most of the empire fell to the Chaldeans (Neo-Babylonian empire). Babylon became the greatest metropolis of the 6th century. Festivals and traditions were kept, while advances in subjects, such as math and science, progressed. | 54 | |
| 7576686991 | Although the Minoan language has yet to be deciphered, what evidence exists of a developed civilization? | Much of the distribution of Cretan pottery and artifacts around the Mediterranean and the Middle East implies on widespread trading connections.The design of Minoan palaces, centralized government, and system of writing shows the influence of Mesopotamians, Egyptians, and Syrians.The absence of representation of the Cretan rulers suggests a different type of authority in Crete. There was also an absence of fortifications at the palace sites and the presence of high-quality indoor plumbing. | 55 | |
| 7576686992 | What group is credited as being the first Greek civilization? | The Mycenaeans were credited as the first Greek civilization. | 56 | |
| 7576686993 | What is the significance of Linear B? | Linear B is a set of syllabic symbols, derived from the Minoan crete. Because the language can be deciphered, many of the Linear B tablets have provided information about the economic organization of the society, as well as many clues about the political, social, and religious institutions. | 57 | |
| 7576686994 | What famous epic poems tell the story of the invasion of Troy (The Trojan War) and who was the author? | The Iliad tells the story of the invasion and later destruction of the city of Troy. Homer was the author. | 58 |
