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| 7913462437 | When and where did the first civilizations emerge? | The first civilizations emerged around 3500 B.C.E. to 3000 B.C.E. The three civilizations that emerged were the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians, and the Norte Chico civilizations. | 0 | |
| 7913462438 | What accounts for the initial breakthroughs to civilization? | Agricultural Revolutions allowed communities to produce food that would support large populations. This allowed for the development of technology like reading and writing. This gave civilizations an advantage over gather hunters. | 1 | |
| 7913462439 | What was the role of cities in early civilizations? | •political and administrative centers •centers of culture including art, architecture, literature, ritual, and ceremony •marketplaces for both local and long-distance exchange •centers of manufacturing activity | 2 | |
| 7913462440 | In what ways was social inequality expressed in early civilizations? | Social inequality was expressed in many early civilizations. For example, the early Mesopotamians were subdivided into different categories. Social inequality was expressed through class, hunting and agriculture, technology, and etc. This caused the upper class to be treated better. A free-born commoner were punished if they stuck a man higher than himself. | 3 | |
| 7913462441 | In what ways have historians tried to explain the origins of patriarchy? | Gender roles were very common in early civilizations. Men went and did the hard work in the family. They were allowed to have multiple wives and they can control all of them. The women had roles that were easy and most of the times indoors. They were only in control for cleaning, cooking, and having children. The book says most of the time the women were pregnant, trying to increase population. They could not do "manly" work while pregnant. | 4 | |
| 7913462442 | How did Mesopotamian and Egyptian patriarchy differ from each other? | Mesopotamians and Egyptians viewed women very differently. In Mesopotamian civilizations, men were in control of the women. Women who were married must wear a veil. Women who were slaves or prostitutes would not wear a veil. Egyptians allowed women to make major decisions for themselves and others. They could sign their marriage and divorce papers and they did not have to wear a veil. | 5 | |
| 7913462443 | What were the sources of state authority in the First Civilizations? | The state solved many problems in the First Civilizations. They organized the irrigation systems of the river valley civilizations. They defended the city/territory against aggressive outsiders. They also broke up fights and conflicts that people caused. | 6 | |
| 7913462444 | In what ways did Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations differ from each other? | Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations are very different from each other. Although both civilizations rivers flooded, the Egyptians could predict when the Nile river would flood. This prevented their crops from being destroyed. However the Mesopotamians would not predict the floods. The Egyptians were protected from invasion, while the Mesopotamians were not, The Mesopotamians had strict rules for the women as Egyptian women had more control. Cities in Egypt were not very important while they were to the Mesopotamians. | 7 | |
| 7913462445 | In what ways were Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations shaped by their interactions with near and distant neighbors? | The Egyptian agriculture drew upon wheat and barely. The Egyptians received wheat and barely from the Mesopotamia. They also received domesticated donkeys, cattle, and watermelons. The Hitties influenced both Egypt and Mesopotamia by bringing domesticated horses, carts with wheels, and technology. | 8 |
