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| 7305065861 | Mesopotamia | Earliest civilization that originated (such as Sumer) Sumerians gave rise to the first written language City-states made up this civilization | 0 | |
| 7305066873 | Egypt | Nile river valley Pharaohs and pyramids were located in this area and Nubia Unified territorial state in which cities were less prominent | 1 | |
| 7305166581 | Norte Chico | Smaller than Mesopotamian civilizations and showed less evidence of economic specialization Economy heavily based on fishing because of location near coast Peruvian civilization that traded much with others | 2 | |
| 7305168018 | Indus Valley | Civilization generated no palaces, temples, graves, kings, or warriors Archaeological evidence shows no existence of political hierarchy or centralized government Ruled by small priests with a caste system that was a series of small republics | 3 | |
| 7305181804 | China | Centralized state dating back to Xia dynasty Subsequent dynasties enlarged the Chinese state with tombs and sacrificial burials Experienced continuity of identity into modern times | 4 | |
| 7305187055 | Olmec | Located along the Gulf of Mexico near present day Veracruz Agricultural economy with maize, bean, squash, and more Cities had elaborately decorated templed, altars, and tombs | 5 | |
| 7305189031 | Hammurabi | Created a law code inspired by Marduk Intended to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land Marduk was the chief god of Babylon | 6 | |
| 7305195606 | Sumer | Organized into a dozen or more independent city-states Each city state ruled by a king with a patron deity Mass urbanization due to frequent warfare between city states that caused people to flee within walls | 7 | |
| 7305198053 | Babylon | Large territorial state/bureaucratic empire that arose after Sumer Periods of political unity that was imposed from the outside Mesopotamian civilization | 8 | |
| 7305202321 | Paneb | Born as an orphaned youngster and grew up with a family of sculptors Lived adulthood as a troubled man and frequently married individuals His life displayed the underside or struggles of a life in Egypt | 9 | |
| 7305228471 | Pharaoh | Never regained power since losing it in 2200 BCE Warned to take responsibility for actions on the day of judgement Osiris (god of the dead) became prominent in this person's life | 10 | |
| 7305243752 | Hebrews | Traded goods and cultural influences with Mesopotamia and Egypt Sacred writings recorded in Old Testament showed Mesopotamian influences Displayed cultural influences through the "eye for eye" principle | 11 | |
| 7305261619 | Mohenjo Daro/Harappa | Harappa was the sister city of Mohenjo Daro which featured large, richly built buildings of two to three stories with plumbing and bathrooms Workers in rows of houses Grand public buildings filled the city and surrounded by a brick wall | 12 | |
| 7305270453 | River Valley Civilizations | Nile, Yellow, Indus, and Tigris-Euphrates river civilizations Nile river gave rise to flourishing Egyptian civilizations Tigris-Euphrates river was where Mesopotamian civilizations arose | 13 | |
| 7305278321 | Writing/Cuneiform | Much easier alphabetic system Later became the basis for Greek and Latin writing Sumerian cultural traditions adopted into other civilizations | 14 | |
| 7305280795 | Mandate of Heaven | Ruler of spiritual world believed to have existed by the Zhou dynasty Ideology: Monarch served as the intermediary between heaven and earth Connected to monarch who was known as the son of heaven | 15 | |
| 7305288142 | Epic of Gilgamesh | Mesopotamian ancient poem Describes Uruk, Mesopotamia's largest city Inscribed deforestation of Mesoptomia | 16 | |
| 7305300364 | Torah | The law of God as revealed to Moses and recorded in the first five books of Hebrew scriptures Part of Judaism religion Division son Old Testament (First of the three divisions) | 17 |
