6177177996 | taiping rebellion | founded, lead, and sparked by Hong Xiuquan who called for the destruction of the Ming Dynasty and radical transformation of society, followers despised the manchu rulers, and appealed to many unhappy citizens, called for the end of footbinding and prostitution, wanted free public education, easier written language, and higher literacy rates, and industrial society, gender equality, based in Nanjing, rallied in the countryside, eventually defeated | 0 | |
6177203328 | capitulations | agreements that exempted european visitors from local laws and gave europeans extraterritoriality, originally signed by ottoman sultans but seen as humiliating to their sovereignty, enabled european powers to penetrate foreign economies | 1 | |
6177217043 | tanzimat | ottoman "reorganization" era, increase the tempo of reform which the army was a main target, but also legal and education reforms, heavily influenced by the enlightenment and constitutional european states, they attacked ottoman law and wanted to make it acceptable to europeans | 2 | |
6177233116 | young ottomans and young turks | one group that criticized the tanzimat reforms, they did not have one common set of beliefs but they all fought for individual freedom, local authority, and political decentralization, they wanted a constitutional government close to what the british had another ottoman society that vigorously promoted reform, founded in 1889 in Paris, used newspapers to spread their message, they called for universal suffrage, equality before the law, freedom of religion, public education, secularization of the state and emancipation of women | 3 | |
6177255798 | crimean war | a russian vs ottoman conflict of russian expansion into the balkan regions, this potential ottoman defeat threatened the political balance of power in europe, so european powers backed the ottomans in the war, it lasted from 1853-1856, it revealed the weakness of the russian empire which couldn't defeat 4 armies banded together, the russians lost and stopped expanding west | 4 | |
6177271714 | intelligensia | university students and a band of intellectuals with varied goals, but in general they wanted to have political change and thorough social reform in russia, they drew a lot of inspiration from european socialism, lots were anarchists | 5 | |
6177284626 | russo-japanese war | russian and japanese interest in korea and manchuria sparked another russian war which started with a japanese surprise attack on the russian naval fleet in 1904, it lasted until 1905 with the destruction of the russian navy | 6 | |
6177316277 | revolution of 1905 | started in january of 1905 with the bloody sunday massacre; when a group of workers marched on the tsars palace in st petersberg to petition for a popularly elected assembly, russian troops killed 150 people and caused an uproar and nation wide rebellion | 7 | |
6177333562 | duma | the result of the russian revolution of 1905, it was russia's version of the parliament, this was a major concession from a romanov point of view, the creation of this parliament did not end social unrest | 8 | |
6177365144 | opium war | a conflict between the chinese and british over opium trade after the chinese tried to stop the trade, this war made the military differences between the british and the chinese very clear, the brits demonstrated their superiority at sea and the chinese sued for peace after the british traveled up the grand canal | 9 | |
6177419693 | treaty of nanjing | a treaty that the british forced the chinese to accept after the end of the opium war, it ceded hong kong into british control, opened more chinese ports, granted extraterritoriality to british subjects, legalized the opium trade, stopped tariffs, put chinese economy in control of foreign powers, and 1st of many unfair treaties against the chinese | 10 | |
6177445510 | society of the righteous and harmonious fists | a society that founded a violent movement that was an antiforeign uprising called the boxer rebellion, backed by empress cixi, they tried to rid china of foreigners and their influences, killed foreigners and chinese christians | 11 | |
6177514859 | tokugawa bakufu | the "temporary" military government in Japan, led by a shogun, a "tent" government | 12 | |
6177526056 | meiji restoration | the new era of japanese history, started after a japanese civil war when a young emperor took the throne, got rid of the bakufu gov and put power back into emperor's hands, wanted to make japan just as economically and industrially strong as europe and the united states | 13 | |
6177542113 | hong xiuquan | the 3rd son of a poor family, grew up in southern china, very smart, the village teacher, failed the civil service exams 4 times, became a christian, started the taiping rebellion to bring an end to the qing dynasty | 14 | |
6177542114 | muhammad ali | built a powerful egyptian army modeled on european forces, he ruled egypt from 1805 to 1848, he launched industrialization there and declared independence from the ottomans | 15 | |
6177544039 | mahmud ii | sultan of the ottoman empire from 1808-1839, he launched his own reform program, he proposed a new european style army in 1826 which brought him into conflict with the janissaries, he also created a system of secondary education for boys with scientific, technical, and military academies, he built new roads, telegraph lines, and a postal service | 16 | |
6177545531 | abd al-hamid ii | sultan of the ottoman empire from 1876-1909, he was installed as leader of the empire after radicals seized power and placed him there, he was forced to accept a constitution that limited his power, after a year he suspended the constitution and ruled autocratically for the next 30 years, he developed the army according to tanzimat principles, he formed a police force, educational reforms, economic development, and railroad construciton | 17 | |
6177547054 | mehmed v rashid | a pupet sultan, "reigned" from 1909-1918, after the young turks staged a coup and dethroned abd al-hamid ii | 18 | |
6177547055 | alexander ii | tsar of the romanov empire from 1855-1881, he abolished the institution of serfdom in 1861 | 19 | |
6177548772 | sergei witte | the prime mover behind russian industrialization, he was the minister of finance from 1892-1903, he stimulated economic development, an ambitious program of railway construction, the trans-siberian railway, remodeled the state bank, secured foreign loans to finance industrialization, | 20 | |
6177548773 | nicholas ii | the russian tsar from 1894-1917, he was a weak but well intentioned ruler, he championed oppression and police control, embarked on expansionist ventures in east asia, clashed there with the japanese which led to the russo-japanese war | 21 | |
6177549953 | cixi | qing dynasty empress, a former concubine that established herself as effective ruler of china, she provided an imperial obstacle for the self-strengthening movement and social and economic reforms, she diverted state funds intended for the navy to build a marble boat, she also supported the boxer rebellion | 22 | |
6177551090 | kang youwei | a leading figure of the hundred days reforms, published a series of essays with Lian Qichao that interpreted confucian values to justify radical changes in the imperial system, wanted to remake china and turn it into a powerful modern industrial society | 23 | |
6177551975 | liang qichao | a leading figure of the hundred days reforms, published a series of essays with kang youwei that interpreted confucian values to justify radical changes in the imperial system, wanted to remake china and turn it into a powerful modern industrial society | 24 | |
6177553071 | mizuno tadakuni | the shogun's chief advisor who initiated measures to stop social and economic decline, he canceled debts that the samurai and daimyo owed to the merchants, abolished merchant guilds, told peasants to return to the country and cultivate more rice, most of his reforms were ineffective | 25 | |
6177555146 | mutsuhito | the boy emperor who took the japanese throne on january 3rd, 1868, he ruled during the most eventful time period in japanese history, ushered in a new japanese era | 26 | |
6177556172 | fukuzawa yukichi | a meiji era traveler who studied english after the arrival of americans in japan, he went on the 1st japanese mission to the united states, he later traveled to europe, he liked the constitutional governments that he saw and the modern educational systems, he argued for equality before the law | 27 | |
6177557333 | ito hirobumi | another meiji era traveler traveled abroad 4 times, to study foreign constitutions and administrative systems, impressed with germany and drew inspiration from their constitution when he drafted japan's | 28 |
ap world history chapter 32 Flashcards
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