Terms : Hide Images
| 9197086006 | Proxy wars | During the Cold War, local or regional wars ion which the superpowers armed, trained, and financed the combatants. | 0 | |
| 9197086007 | Salvador Allende | Socialist politician elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown by the military in 1973. He died during the military attack. | 1 | |
| 9197086008 | Dirty War | War waged by the Argentinian military (1976-1982) against leftist groups. Characterized by the use of illegal imprisonment, torture, and executions by the military. | 2 | |
| 9197086009 | Sandinistas | Members of the leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The US financed armed opposition by the Contras. The Sandinistas lost national elections in 1990. | 3 | |
| 9197086010 | Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini | Shi'ite philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic republic. | 4 | |
| 9197086011 | Saddam Husain | President of Iraq from 1979 until overthrown by an American-led invasion in 2003. Waged war on Iran from 1980 to 1988. His invasion of Kuwait in 1990 was repulsed in the Persian Gulf War in 1991. | 5 | |
| 9197086012 | Neo-liberalism | The term used in Latin America and other developing regions to describe free-market policies that include reducing tariff protection for local industries; the sale of public-sector policies, like national airlines and public utilities, to private investors or foreign corporations; and the reduction of social welfare policies and public-sector employment. | 6 | |
| 9197086013 | keiretsu | Alliances of corporations and banks that dominate the Japanese economy. | 7 | |
| 9197086014 | Asian Tigers | Collective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s. | 8 | |
| 9197086015 | Newly industrialized economies (NIEs) | Rapidly growing, new industrial nations of the late 20th century, including the Asian Tigers. | 9 | |
| 9197086016 | Deng Xiaoping | Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong. | 10 | |
| 9197086017 | Tiananmen Square | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. | 11 | |
| 9197086018 | Mikhail Gorbachev | Head of the Soviet Union from 1985-1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of communist governments in eastern Europe. | 12 | |
| 9197086019 | perestroika | Policy of "openness" that was the centerpiece of Mikhail Gobrachev's efforts to liberalize communism in the Soviet Union. | 13 | |
| 9197086020 | Solidarity | Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe. | 14 | |
| 9197086021 | Thomas Malthus | 18th century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production. | 15 | |
| 9197086022 | Demographic transition | A change in the rates of population growth. Before the transition, both birthrates and death rates are high, resulting in a slowly growing population; then the death rate drops but birthrate remains high, causing a population explosion; finally the birthrate drops and the population growth slows down. This transition took place in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in North America and East Asia in the mid-20th, and, most recently, in Latin America and South Asia. | 16 | |
| 9197108199 | Ethnic cleansing | Effort to eradicate a people and its culture by means of mass killings and the destruction of historical buildings and cultural materials. | 17 |
