DBHS, Ms. Corbin
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| 7314238457 | Minoan civilization | An advanced civilization that developed on the island of Crete around 2500 BCE and influenced the Greeks. | 0 | |
| 7314238458 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism towards questions of human existence (469-399 BCE). | 1 | |
| 7314238459 | Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha) | The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 BCE) who founded Buddhism. | 2 | |
| 7314238460 | Pythagoras | A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560-ca. 480 BCE) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world. | 3 | |
| 7314238461 | Nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion. | 4 | |
| 7314238462 | Moksha | In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with the Brahman. | 5 | |
| 7314238463 | Mahayana | A form of Buddhism that put a greater emphasis on the supernatural and proved to be much more popular than the original (Theravada) Buddhism. | 6 | |
| 7314238464 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments. | 7 | |
| 7314238465 | Laozi | A legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century BCE; regarded as a founder of Daoism. | 8 | |
| 7314238466 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice. | 9 | |
| 7314238467 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 BCE-ca. 30 CE) | 10 | |
| 7314238468 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates the simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi. | 11 | |
| 7314238469 | Constantine | Roman emperior (r. 306-337 CE) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe. | 12 | |
| 7314238470 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551-479 BCE); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. | 13 | |
| 7314238471 | Confucianism | The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order. | 14 | |
| 7314238472 | Brahmins | The priestly caste of India. | 15 | |
| 7314238473 | Aristotle | A Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 BCE) a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. | 16 | |
| 7314238474 | Alexander the Great | Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 BCE) conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of NW India. | 17 | |
| 7314238475 | Aryans | Indo-Europeans pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians. | 18 | |
| 7314238476 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire (r. 268-232 BCE) who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully with tolerance. | 19 | |
| 7314238477 | Athenian Democracy | A radical form of direct democracy in which most of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot. | 20 | |
| 7314238478 | Battle of Marathon | Athenian victory over a Persian invasion in 490 BCE. | 21 | |
| 7314238479 | Caesar Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 BCE-14 CE) | 22 | |
| 7314238480 | Cyrus the Great | Founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 BCE); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation. | 23 | |
| 7314238481 | Darius I | Great king of Persia (r. 522-486 BCE) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire. | 24 | |
| 7314238482 | Persian Wars | Two major Persian invasions of Greece in 490 BCE and 480 BCE in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea. | 25 | |
| 7314238483 | Gupta Empire | An empire of India (320-550 CE) | 26 | |
| 7314238484 | Han Dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China from 206-220 BCE creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement. | 27 | |
| 7314238485 | Hellenistic era | The period from 323-30 BCE in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia in the kingdom ruled by Alexander's political successors. | 28 | |
| 7314238486 | Herodotus | Greek historian known as the "father of history"; His histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480 BCE. | 29 | |
| 7314238487 | Mandate of Heaven | The ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors, this was the belief that a ruler held authority by command of divine force as long as he ruled morally and benevolently. | 30 | |
| 7314238488 | Olympic Games | Greek religious festival and athletic competition in honour of Zeus; founded in 776 BCE and celebrated every four years. | 31 | |
| 7314238489 | Patricians | Wealthy, privleged Romans who dominated early Roman society. | 32 | |
| 7314238490 | Pax Romana | The "Roman peace" a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman empire, especially in the first and second centuries CE. | 33 | |
| 7314238491 | Peloponnesian War | Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies) lasting from 431-404 BCE. The conflict ended in the defeat of Athens and the closing of Athen's Golden Age. | 34 | |
| 7314238492 | Persian Empire | A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 BCE. | 35 | |
| 7314238493 | Plebeians | Poorer, less-privleged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics. | 36 | |
| 7314238494 | Punic Wars | The major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 BCE, that culminated in Roman victory and control of the Western Mediterranean. | 37 | |
| 7314238495 | Qin Dynasty | A short-lived (221-206 BCE) but highly influential Chinese dynasty that succeeded in reuniting China at the end of the Warring States period. | 38 | |
| 7314238496 | Qin Shihuangdi | Literally "first emperor from Qin"; forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. | 39 | |
| 7314238497 | Wudi | Han emperor (r. 141-86 BCE) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats. | 40 | |
| 7314238498 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 BCE and helped cause the fall of the Han Dynasty. | 41 | |
| 7314238499 | Vaisyas | The Indian social class that was originally defined as farmers but eventually comprised merchants. | 42 | |
| 7314238500 | Untouchables | An Indian social class that emerged below the Sudras and whose members performed the most unclean and polluting work. | 43 | |
| 7314238501 | Sudra | The lowest Indian caste system of varna; regarded as servants of their social betters. It eventually included peasant farmers. | 44 | |
| 7314238502 | Scholar-gentry class | A term used to describe members of China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials. | 45 | |
| 7314238503 | Pericles | A prominent and influential statesman of Ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 BCE); presided over Athen's Golden Age. | 46 | |
| 7314238504 | Ksatriyas | The Indian social class of warriors and rulers. | 47 | |
| 7314238505 | Karma | In Indian belief, the force generated by one's behaviour in a previous life that decides the level at which an individual will be reborn. | 48 | |
| 7314238506 | Dharma | In Indian belief, performance of the duties appropriate to an individual's caste, good performance will lead to rebirth in a higher caste. | 49 | |
| 7314238507 | Zhou Dynasty | 1122-256 BCE. Started Classical China. Greater cultural unity: standardization, oral epics, Confucius. Extended territory to Huanghe. Declined in 700 BCE: communication difficult, social divisions increased. | 50 | |
| 7314238508 | Era of the Warring States | 401-201 BCE. Zhou disintegrated. Ended up unifying China. | 51 | |
| 7314238509 | Han dynasty | 202 BCE-220 CE. Kept centralization, but reduced repression. Extended borders. Period of peace: Wudi. Huns invading led to decline. | 52 | |
| 7314238510 | Silk Road | Trade route. Spread innovations, ideas, art, religion, and material. | 53 | |
| 7314238511 | Sanskrit | classical Indian language. Literary language of the new culture. | 54 | |
| 7314238512 | Varnas | India's caste group | 55 | |
| 7314238513 | Upanishads | Epic poems. Served as basis for Hindu beliefs. | 56 | |
| 7314238514 | Mauryan Dynasty | Chandragupta Maurya 322 BCE. Asohka= grandson, later ruler of Mauryan Dynasty. | 57 | |
| 7314238515 | Gupta Dynasty | 320 BCE. Dynasty succeeded Kush in 3rd cent. BC. Built empire to S. India. Not as centralized as the Mauryan Dynasty. | 58 | |
| 7314238516 | Hinduism | One of the many religions in India. No single founder, no central holy figure. Ritualistic ceremonies performed by Brahmans, mysticism, artha (political & econ. goals), and karma (worldly pleasure). Reincarnation. | 59 | |
| 7314238517 | Buddhism | 563 BCE. Religion created by Buddha. All worldly desires hurt you, if you destroy yourself you can reach nirvana (state of enlightenment). | 60 | |
| 7314238518 | Zoroastrianism | Persian religion. Emphasized importance of moral choice. Introduced individual salvation. | 61 | |
| 7314238519 | Athens | A democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta. | 62 | |
| 7314238520 | Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, encouraged women to be strong and play sports | 63 | |
| 7314238521 | Persian treatment of non-citizens | When Persian conquered territories the people were not forced to change their belief systems as long as they followed Persian laws and paid taxes. | 64 | |
| 7314238522 | Cyrus Cylinder | considered the 1st human rights declaration; chronicles Cyrus' peaceful capture of Babylon and the freeing of captured peoples and allowing them (including the Jews) to return home with religious artifacts. | 65 | |
| 7314238523 | Caste System | A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life, a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society | 66 | |
| 7314238524 | Jati | A sub-varna in the caste system of people working in the same occupation. | 67 | |
| 7314238525 | Upanishad | A group of writings sacred in Hinduism concerning the relations of humans, God, and the universe. | 68 | |
| 7314238526 | Analects | the collection of Confucius's thoughts and sayings | 69 | |
| 7314238527 | Theravada Buddhism | Believed Buddha was a great teacher, not a god | 70 | |
| 7314238528 | Greek Rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 B.C.E. to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms. | 71 | |
| 7314238529 | Empress Wu | only woman to rule China in her own name, supported Buddhism in Tang Dynasty | 72 | |
| 7314238530 | Weapons of the weak | work slowdowns, sabotage, false deference...didn't hide but adapted by mechanisms that help relieve the burden | 73 | |
| 7314238531 | Ban Zhao | A Chinese woman writer and court official (45-116 C.E.) whose work provides valuable insight on the position of women in classical China and the implications of Confucian thinking | 74 | |
| 7314238532 | Greek and Roman Slavery | highly imperitive to greco-roman society and accounting for almost half of the population, slavery was considered essential to the growth of the civilizations as a whole. | 75 | |
| 7314238533 | Patriarchy | a form of social organization in which a male is the family head and title is traced through the male line | 76 | |
| 7314238534 | Spartacus | A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.). | 77 | |
| 7314238535 | Governments with large bureaucracy | Han China, Roman Empire had many government officials | 78 | |
| 7314238536 | Roman key to good government | Good Laws, the Twelve Tables | 79 | |
| 7314238537 | Han China's key to good government | Confucian moral codes followed by government officials | 80 | |
| 7314238538 | Byzantine Empire | (330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine. | 81 | |
| 7314238539 | Roman Legions | The basic ancient Roman army unit recruited specifically from Roman citizens, slaves were not permitted. | 82 | |
| 7314238540 | Pagan | A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times. | 83 | |
| 7314238541 | Mauryan Dynasty | Indian dynasty (321-185 B.C.) founded by Chandragupta Maurya and reaching its peak under Ashoka. Organized into provinces. | 84 | |
| 7314238542 | Twelve Tables | Rome's first code of laws | 85 | |
| 7314238543 | Civil Service Exams | Confucian exam to acquire a position in the Chinese bureaucracy | 86 | |
| 7314238544 | Macedonia | an ancient kingdom located north of Greece and home to Phillip and his son Alexander | 87 |
