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| 204568163 | Carthage | City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. It became a major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean until defeated by Rome in the third century B.C.E. (p. 107) | 0 | |
| 204568164 | Tyre | a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea | 1 | |
| 204568165 | Kassite | a member of an ancient people who ruled Babylonia between 1600 and 1200 BC | 2 | |
| 204568166 | Zagros | the ________ mountains on the west side of Iran help isolate taht country from the rest of SW Asia | 3 | |
| 204568167 | Ashur | an ancient Assyrian city on the Tigris and traditional capital of Assyria | 4 | |
| 204568168 | Hittite | a member of an ancient people who inhabited Anatolia and northern Syria about 2000 to 1200 BC | 5 | |
| 204568169 | Hyksos | the people who invaded Egypt thus beginning the second Intermediate period during which the they ruled as pharaohs in Lower Egypt and exacted tribute from the royal families in Thebes. | 6 | |
| 204568170 | Hatshepsut | Queen of Egypt (1473-1458 B.C.E.). Dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly Somalia), the faraway source of myrrh. There is evidence of opposition to a woman as ruler, and after her death her name was frequently expunged. (p.66) | 7 | |
| 204568171 | Punt | Pharaoh Hatshepsut organized a expedition here, a region of Eastern Africa which may have been what is today Ethiopia or Somalia. | 8 | |
| 204568172 | Tutankhamun | He was the son of Akhenaten and is most famous for his brilliant golden sarcophagus. He was not an exceptional ruler during his reign of Egypt, primarily because he died at a young age from disease, and was ruler from c. 1332-1322 BCE. After his father's death he quickly re-established the polytheistic religion that had preceded Akhenaten. | 9 | |
| 204568173 | Akhenaten | Egyptian pharaoh (r. 1353-1335 B.C.E.). He built a new capital at Amarna, fostered a new style of naturalistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk. (p.66) | 10 | |
| 204568174 | Ramesses II | A long-lived ruler of New Kingdom Egypt (r. 1290-1224 B.C.E.). He reached an accommodation with the Hittites of Anatolia after a standoff in battle at Kadesh in Syria. He built on a grand scale throughout Egypt. (p. 68) | 11 | |
| 204568175 | Minoan | Prosperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E. Engaged in far-flung commerce around the Mediterranean and exerted powerful cultural influences on the early Greeks. (p. 73) | 12 | |
| 204568176 | Mycenaean | Of, relating to, or being the Aegean civilization that spread its influence from Mycenae to many parts of the Mediterranean region from about 1580 to 1120 B.C. | 13 | |
| 204568177 | Minotaur | a monster shaped half like a man and half like a bull, confined in the labyrinth built by Daedalus for Minos, and given a periodic tribute of youths and maidens as food until slain by Theseus | 14 | |
| 204568178 | Daedalus | (Greek mythology) an Athenian inventor who built the Labyrinth of Minos | 15 | |
| 204568179 | Mycenae | Site of a fortified palace complex in southern Greece that controlled a Late Bronze Age kingdom. In Homer's epic poems it was the base of King Agamemnon, who commanded the Greeks besieging Troy. (74) | 16 | |
| 204568180 | Linear B | the modern name for the script, composed of signs and pictures, in which Mycenaean Greeks kept records on tablets of clay. | 17 | |
| 204568181 | Achaeans | Greeks; specifically, the people of Achaea in northeastern Greece | 18 | |
| 204568182 | Neo-Assyrian Empire | An empire extending from western Iran to Syria-Palestine, conquered by the Assyrians of northern Mesopotamia between the tenth and seventh centuries B.C.E. They used force and terror and exploited the wealth and labor of their subjects. (93) | 19 | |
| 204568183 | Mass Deportation | The forcible removal and relocation of large numbers of people or entire populations. Used by the Assyrian and Persian Empires as a terrifying warning of the consequences of rebellion. They also brought skilled and unskilled labor to the imperial center. | 20 | |
| 204568184 | Israel | a kingdom of the united Hebrews in Palestine, lasting from about 1020 to 922 B.C.; later, the northernmost of the two Hebrew kingdoms; | 21 | |
| 204568185 | Hebrew Bible | A collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the Israelites. Most of the extant text was compiled by members of the priestly class in the fifth century B.C.E. (99) | 22 | |
| 204568186 | Canaan | the ancient region lying between the Jordan, the Dead Sea, and the Mediterranean: the land promised by God to Abraham | 23 | |
| 204568187 | Canaanite | a member of an ancient Semitic people who occupied Canaan before it was conquered by the Israelites | 24 | |
| 204568188 | First Temple | A monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem by King Solomon in the tenth century B.C.E. to be the religious center for the Israelite god Yahweh. | 25 | |
| 204568189 | Monotheism | belief in a single God | 26 | |
| 204568190 | Diaspora | the dispersion or spreading of something that was originally localized (as a people or language or culture) | 27 | |
| 204568191 | Phoenicians | Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. From major cities such as Tyre and Sidon, their merchants and sailors explored the Mediterranean, and engaged in widespread commerce. (103) | 28 | |
| 204568192 | Iron Age | the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons | 29 | |
| 204568193 | Shaft graves | A term used for the burial sites of elite members of Mycenaean Greek society in the mid-second millennium B.C.E. At the bottom of deep shafts lined with stone slabs, the bodies were laid out along with gold and bronze jewelry, implements, and weapons (75 | 30 | |
| 204568194 | Library of Ashurbanipal | A large collection of writings drawn from the ancient literary, religious, and scientific traditions of Mesopotamia. It was assembled by the sixth century B.C.E. Assyrian ruler Ashurbanipal. (98) | 31 |
