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| 10499631518 | norte chico/caral | A civilization in northern central Peru that was the largest of the 25 urban centers at the time. It was developed between 3000 and 1800 b.c.e | 0 | |
| 10499635153 | indus valley civilization | A civilization that was in the Indus river valley and ghaggar-hakra river valley. It was larger (in land area) than Egypt and Mesopotamia. It had an irrigation system, well planned cities, and a written language. It was in modern day Pakistan and western India. | 1 | |
| 10499635610 | olmec valley civilization | A civilization in south mexico that was based on agriculture and was known as the mother of civilization of mesoamerica. They existed from 1200 b.c. to 300 b.c. and developed writing and a calendar and their culture spread to Mayan and Teotihuacan civilizations. | 2 | |
| 10499635611 | uruk | An ancient Mesopotamian city in modern day southern Iraq. It was the largest city of the time and had a population of 50,000 people. The center of the city had a ziggurat, a rectangular stepped tower. | 3 | |
| 10499636621 | mohenjo daro/harappa | A city on the bank of the indus river and had a population of 40,000 people. It had 2-3 story houses with indoor plumbing and a sewer system under the city. | 4 | |
| 10499636622 | code of haammurabi | 282 laws enforced under Hammurabi's rule in Babylon. It was one of the first examples of written law in ancient civilizations. The punishments for breaking the laws were based on social class. | 5 | |
| 10499637847 | patriarchy | A form of social organization with a male as the leader. | 6 | |
| 10499637848 | rise of the state | A new form of leadership organized in larger cities that was ruled by kings, who were advised by priests. It gave more power to the king and established better coordination, regulation, and leadership. | 7 | |
| 10499638558 | epic of gilgamesh | An epic poem that was one of the first known works of literary fiction. It described Mesopotamia's lack of belief in the afterlife and their pessimistic view on the gods. | 8 | |
| 10499639706 | egypt: "the gift of the nile" | In the spring, water would run off from the mountains and flood the nile. It created fertile soil and a successful harvest for the egyptians. It created more unity and independence for them. | 9 | |
| 10499639707 | nubia | A civilization south of Egypt and under Egyptian control. They traded with the Egyptians, which spread culture around in the area. | 10 | |
| 10499640478 | hyksos | Hyksos means foreigner. They invaded Egypt from Asia, starting the second intermediate period and the hyksos ruled as pharaohs. | 11 |
