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| 10534460347 | Loess | A fine light slit deposited by wind and water. It constitutes the fertile soil of the Yellow River Valley in northern China. |  | 0 |
| 10534469784 | Shang | The dominant people in the earliest Chinese dynasty for which we have written records (ca. 1766-1045 B.C.E.). |  | 1 |
| 10534527496 | Zhou | The people and dynasty that took over the dominant position in north China from the Shang and created the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. The Zhou era, particularly |  | 2 |
| 10534544575 | Meroe | Capital of a flourishing kingdom in southern Nubia from the fourth century B.C.E. to the fourth century C.E. In this period Nubian culture shows more independence from Egypt and the influence of Sub-Saharan Africa. |  | 3 |
| 10534565655 | Nomads | People without permanent, fixed places of residence, whose way of life and means of subsistence require them to periodically migrate, often with their herd if domesticated animals, to a familiar series of temporary seasonal encampments. |  | 4 |
| 10534596423 | Steppe | An ecological region of grass- and shrub-covered plains, that is treeless and too arid for agriculture. |  | 5 |
| 10618279973 | Mandate of Heaven | Chinese religious and political ideology developed by the Zhou, according to which it was the prerogative of Heaven, the chief deity, to grant power to the ruler of China and to take away that power if the ruler failed to conduct himself justly and in the best interests of his subjects. |  | 6 |
| 10618308298 | Confucius | Western name for the Chinese philosopher Kongzi (551-479 B.C.E.). His doctrine of duty and public service had a great influence on subsequent Chinese thought and served as a code of conduct for government officials. |  | 7 |
| 10618334964 | Daoism | Chinese school of thought, originating in the Warring States Period with Laozi. Daoism offered an alternative to the Confucian emphasis on hierarchy and duty. |  | 8 |
| 10618354013 | yin/yang | In Chinese belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. Yang is associated with masculine, light, and active qualities; yin with feminine, dark, and passive qualities. |  | 9 |
| 10618372587 | Kush | An Egyptian name for Nubia, the region alongside the Nile River south of Egypt, where an indigenous kingdom with its own distinctive institutions and cultural traditions arose beginning in the early second millennium B.C.E. | 10 | |
| 10618398256 | Herodotus | Heir to the technique of historia ("investigation/research") developed by Greeks in the late Archaic period. He came from a Greek community in Anatolia and traveled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. He traced the antecedents and chronicled the wars between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, thus originating the Western tradition of historical writing. |  | 11 |
| 10618432695 | Scythians | Terms used by the ancient Greeks for the nomadic peoples living on the steppe north of the Black and Caspian Seas. |  | 12 |
| 10618489096 | Sima Qian | Chief astrologer for the Han dynasty emperor Wu. He composed a monumental history of China from its legendary origins to his own time and is regarded as the Chinese "father of history" |  | 13 |
| 10618510327 | Celts | Peoples sharing a common linguistic and culture that originated in Central Europe in the first half of the first millennium B.C.E. |  | 14 |
| 10618536720 | Druids | The class of religious experts who conducted rituals and preserved sacred lore among some ancient Celtic peoples. |  | 15 |
