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AP World History Chapter 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

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505580247Indus Riverriver that sources in the Himalayas and flows to its mouth in the Arabian Sea; location of the early civilizations Harappa and Mohenjo Daro0
505580248Ganges RiverLocated in India, this river is considered sacred to Hindus and is used for spiritual cleansing, funeral rites, and other Hindu rituals.1
505580249Deccan Plateaua dry high region, south of the Indo-Ganges plain, between the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal2
505580250HimalayasThe highest mountains in the world, which stretch along northern India, separating it from the rest of Asia.3
505580251Monsoona seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia that blows warm, moist air from the southwest during the summer, bringing heavy rains, and cold, dry air from the northeast during the winter4
505580252AryansIndo-European speaking nomads who entered India from the Central Asian steppes between 1500 and 1000 BC and greatly affected Indian society.5
505580253SanskritThe sacred language of ancient India; came originally from the Aryans.6
505580254VedasAncient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.7
505580255Vedic AgeA period in the history of India 1500 - 1000 BCE; a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth.8
505580256Epic AgeA period of time in India that followed the Vedic Age and lasted from 1000-600 B.C.E. in India. The important epics of the time were Mahabharata, Upanishads and Ramayana.9
505580257MahabarataIndia's greatest epic; includes the Bhagavad Gita (welfare and religion)10
505580258RamayanaA Hindu epic written in Sanskrit that describes the adventures of the king Rama and his queen11
505580259UpanishadsA major book in Hinduism that explains the Hindu idea of the divine force informing the whole universe.12
505580260BrahminsThe priest varna of the caste system.13
505580261KshatriyasThe warrior and aristocrat varna of the caste system.14
505580262Vaisyasthird level of the varnas in the Hindu caste system; identifies merchants who engaged in commerce15
505580263Sudrascaste that made up most of the Indian population; most were peasants and manual laborers; they had limited rights in society16
505580264Untouchablesalso called pariahs, lowest level of the Indian society; not considered a part of the caste system; did degrading jobs17
505580265Indrachief deity of the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior God of thunder and strength18
505580266Chandragupta Mauryafounder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization19
505580267Maurya DynastyINDIAN DYNASTY: vast capital, well organized bureaucracy, public works, libraries, schools. Great leader - Asoka- created the pillars of law, converted to Buddhism, sent missionaries to Asia, became a philosopher king, was tolerant of other religions., (323-185 BC)20
505580268AshokaThird ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.21
505580269DharmaIn Hinduism, the duties and obligations of each caste, the Hindu ethical concept22
505617406TamilsSouthern Indians who traded cotton, silks, and many other materials with the Middle East and with Rome. Reflected the strong merchant spirit in classical India.23
505617407KushansDynasty that succeeded the Mauryas in northwestern India; sponsors of Buddhism; empire did not extend to Ganges River valley., came into central India from northwest; greatest king: Kanishka, converted to Buddhism but hurt religions population;24
505617408Gupta EmpireGolden Age of India; ruled through central government but allowed village power; restored Hinduism. 320 - 647 CE., promoted peace and prosperity, flowering in the arts and learning, students were educated in religious schools, taught mathematics, medicine physics, languages, literature, and other subjects. mathematicians devised the system of writing number that we use today, originated the concept of zero and developed the decimal system. Indian physicians were using herbs and other remedies to treat illness. Surgeons were skilled in setting bones and in simple surgery to repair injures.25
505617409Chandragupta IFounded the Gupta empire in 320 C.E. Became the golden age for India.26
505669683HinduismA religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms27
505669684Gurusoriginally referred to as Brahmans who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas.28
505669685BrahmaA Hindu god considered the creator of the world.29
505669686VishnuA Hindu god considered the preserver of the world30
505669687ShivaA Hindu god considered the destroyer of the world.31
505669688Reincarnationbelief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death32
505669689Samsara(Hinduism and Buddhism) the endless cycle of birth and suffering and death and rebirth33
505669690YogaA spiritual discipline; a method for perfecting one's union with the divine.34
505669691Bhagavad GitaA short section of the epic poem Mahabharata in which the god Krishna teaches the great warrior Arjuna about bhakti marga and other ways to God; Hinduism's most popular text.35
505669692BuddhaAn Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who renounced his wealth and social position. After becoming 'enlightened' (the meaning of Buddha) he enunciated the principles of Buddhism.36
505669693Nirvanain Buddhism, the release from pain and suffering achieved after enlightenment37
505669694KamasutraWritten by Vatsayana during Gupta era; offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher caste males, including grooming, hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and instruction on lovemaking38
505669695Stupasreligious buildings that originally housed Buddha relics. Stupas developed into familiar Buddhist architecture39
5085194181500 - 1000 BCEVedic Age in India40
5085194191000 - 600 BCEEpic Age in India41
508519420563 BCESiddhartha Gautama (Buddha) born42
508519421Theravada"Way of the Elders" branch of Buddhism followed in Sri Lanka and much of Southeast Asia. Theravada remains close to the original principles set forth by the Buddha; it downplays the importance of gods and emphasizes austerity and the individual's search for enlightenment.43
508519422325 -185 BCEMaurya Empire44
508519423JainismA religion founded in India in the sixth century B.C., whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore should not be harmed.45
508519424320 - 647 CEGupta Empire in India46
508581786NalandaFamous Buddhist university of ancient india47
508581787HimalayasThe highest mountains in the world, which stretch along northern India, separating it from the rest of Asia.48
508581788Regionalismloyalty to the interests of a particular region49
1801979603AtmanIn Hindu belief, a person's essential self50
1801979604VarnaA caste in the Hindu caste system.51
1801979605JatiA Hindu caste or distinctive social group or sub caste of which there are thousands throughout India52
1801979606Dalit"the untouchables" Had to do lowest tasks like cleaning the streets, etc. So ritually impure that standing in one's shadow was considered impure.53
1801979607Four Noble TruthsAs taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism.54
1801979608Eightfold PathIn Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering55
1801979609Mahayana"The Great Vehicle"; the largest of Buddhism's three divisions, prevalent in China, Japan, and Korea; encompasses a variety of forms, including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas56
1801979610KalidasaHindu philosopher and playwright of the Gupta period; influenced the development of Sanskrit literature.57
1801979611KautilyaChandragupta's advisor--wrote the ruler's handbook, Arthasastra, which proposed policies to hold an empire together58
1801979612DeityA god; divine being59
1802055629KarmaA person's deeds and actions; the moral law of cause and effect of actions; determines the nature of one's rebirth.60
1802055630Tripitaka'Three baskets'; the collection of early sacred writings whose three sections consist of discourses attributed to the Buddha, rules of monastic discipline, and treatises on doctrine61
1802055631Battle of KalingaBattle that shocked Ashoka because of the bloodshed, thus causing Ashoka to convert to Buddhism.62
1802055632Kamasutra(Hinduism) an ancient Sanskrit text giving rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure and love and marriage in accordance with Hindu law63
1802055633AryabhattaFamous classical mathematician, wrote a book that summarized Hindu mathematics, discovered pi, calculated the length of the solar system, and the circumference of the earth during India's Classical Era.64

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