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| 5388294479 | Alexander the Great | Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 B.C.E.), conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India. |  | 0 |
| 5388298324 | Ashoka | The most famous ruler of the Mauryan empire (r. 268-232 B.C.E.), who converted to Buddhism and tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance. (pron. ah-SHOKE-uh) |  | 1 |
| 5388301021 | Athenian democracy | A radical form of direct democracy in which much of the free male population of Athens had the franchise and officeholders were chosen by lot. |  | 2 |
| 5388303302 | Caesar Augustus | The great-nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar who emerged as sole ruler of the Roman state at the end of an extended period of civil war (r. 31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.). |  | 3 |
| 5391755911 | Greco-Persian Wars | Two major Persian invasions of Greece, in 490 B.C.E. and 480 B.C.E., in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea. |  | 4 |
| 5391758940 | Han dynasty | Dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E. to 220 C.E., creating a durable state based on Shihuangdi's state-building achievement. (pron. hahn) |  | 5 |
| 5391761079 | Hellenistic era | The period from 323 to 30 B.C.E. in which Greek culture spread widely in Eurasia and North Africa in the kingdoms ruled by Alexander's political successors. |  | 6 |
| 5391761080 | Mauryan Empire | A major empire (322-185 B.C.E.) that encompassed most of India. |  | 7 |
| 5391763375 | pax Romana | The "Roman peace," a term typically used to denote the stability and prosperity of the early Roman Empire, especially in the first and second centuries C.E. (pron. pox roh-MAHN-uh) |  | 8 |
| 5391763376 | Persian Empire | A major empire that expanded from the Iranian plateau to incorporate the Middle East from Egypt to India; flourished from around 550 to 330 B.C.E. |  | 9 |
| 5391765347 | Qin Shihuangdi | Literally "first emperor from the Qin"; Shihuangdi (r. 221-210 B.C.E.) forcibly reunited China and established a strong and repressive state. (pron. chihn shee-HWANG-dee) |  | 10 |
| 5391766821 | Trung Trac | Vietnamese woman from an aristocratic military family who led an ultimately unsuccessful revolt against China around 40 C.E. following the execution of her husband. |  | 11 |
