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| 4942888754 | Alexander the great | Philip || successor; successfully conquered Persian empire prior to death in 323 B.C.E.; tried to combine Greek and Persian culture. | 0 | |
| 4942888755 | Darius | | King of Persia who expanded the empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the battle of marathon (550-486 B.C.E.) | 1 | |
| 4942888756 | Greco Persian wars | Two major Persian invasion of Greece, 490 and 480 BCE, in which the Persians were defeated on both land and sea each time. | 2 | |
| 4942888757 | Peloponnesian war | 431-404 B.C.E.; wars between Athens and Sparta for dominance in southern Greece; Spartan victory; no political unification of Greece. | 3 | |
| 4942888758 | Gupta Empire | Powerful Indian state based, like its Mauryan predecessor, on a capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. | 4 | |
| 4942888759 | Han dynasty | Imperial dynasty that ruled China from 206 B.C.E. to 221 and expanded its boundaries and develop its bureaucracy. | 5 | |
| 4942888760 | Hellenistic era | Culture associated with spread of Greek influence because of Macadonian conquest; seen as combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms. | 6 | |
| 4942888761 | Herodotus | Greek historian called the "father of history" who wrote Persian wars accounts in "Histories". | 7 | |
| 4942888762 | Hoplite | A heavily armed Greek foot soldier. | 8 | |
| 4942888763 | Ionia | Region of western Asia minor colonized by ancient Greeks. | 9 | |
| 4942888764 | Mauryan empire | The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 B.C.E. and survived into 184 B.C.E. | 10 | |
| 4942888765 | Olympic games | Panhellenic ritual observed by all Greek city states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations. | 11 | |
| 4942888766 | Patricians | The wealthy class in Roman society; landowners. | 12 | |
| 4942888767 | Pox Romana | Means Roman peace, specifically the term that refers to the peace and stability that Rome maintained within its borders during the early empire. | 13 | |
| 4942888768 | Persepolis | An ancient city that was the capital of the ancient Persian empire. | 14 | |
| 4942888769 | Persian Empire | An empire in southern Asia created by Cyrus the great in the sixth century BCE and destroyed by Alexander the great in the fourth century BCE. | 15 | |
| 4942888770 | Plebians | Members of the lower class of ancient Rome, including farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders. | 16 | |
| 4942888771 | Polis | City state form of government used in Greece 800 to 400 B.C.E. | 17 | |
| 4942888772 | Punic wars | Fought between Rome and Carthage to dominate Western Mediterranean; room one after three separate conflicts. | 18 | |
| 4942888773 | Qin Shihuangdi | Ruler of China who united China for the first time. He built roads and canals and began the Great Wall of China. He imposed a standard system of laws, money, weights, and writing. | 19 | |
| 4942888774 | Qin Dynasty | The Chinese dynasty that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the great wall. | 20 | |
| 4942888775 | Solon | A man who is a respected leader in national or international affairs. | 21 | |
| 4942888776 | Tyranny | Government based on rule of absolute leader. | 22 | |
| 4942888777 | Wudi | Chinese emperor who brought the Han dynasty to its greatest strength. | 23 | |
| 4942888778 | Xiongu | A confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China. | 24 | |
| 4942888779 | Yellow turban revolution | One of the more important of the rebellions that brought the eventual collapse of the Han Dynasty; it happened in the later Han; named because of the yellow hats the rebels wore. | 25 | |
| 4942888780 | Monarchy | A form of government with a monarch at the head. | 26 | |
| 4942888781 | Helots | A member of a class of serfs in ancient Sparta, intermediate in status between slaves and citizens. | 27 | |
| 4942888782 | Dictator | A roller with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained power by force. | 28 | |
| 4942888783 | Oligarchy | A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. | 29 | |
| 4942888784 | Democracy | A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives. | 30 | |
| 4942888785 | Bureaucracy | A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. | 31 | |
| 4942888786 | Cyrus the great | By 550 B.C.E., he established the huge Persian empire. | 32 | |
| 4942888787 | Caesar Augustus | Honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. He established his rule after the death of Julius Caesar and he is considered the first Roman Emperor. | 33 | |
| 4942888788 | Battle of marathon | 490 B.C.E., Persians who invaded Greece were defeated on the plain of Marathon by an Athenian army led by the general militates. | 34 | |
| 4942888789 | Aristocracy | Form of government where the wealthy rule over everything. | 35 | |
| 4942888790 | Athenian democracy | A type of government used in Athens which is sort of a combine of majority rule and democracy. | 36 | |
| 4942888791 | Ashoka | A ruler of the Mauryan empire who converted to Buddhism. | 37 | |
| 4942888792 | Aryans | Nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled. | 38 | |
| 4942888793 | Ahura Mazda | Chief deity of Zoroatrianism. | 39 |
