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| 5722108926 | age of warring states | a period of chaos, growing violence, and disharmony. followed the period of unity in China. | 0 | |
| 5722136781 | Zoroastrianism | -person: Zoroaster -date: 7th century BCE -location: Persia -key ideas: single high god, cosmic conflict of good and evil | 1 | |
| 5722145753 | Judaism | -person: Hebrew prophets (Isaiah, Amos, Jeremiah) -date: 9th-6th centuries BCE -location: eastern Mediterranean/ palestine/ israel -key ideas: transcendent high god, covenant with chosen people, social justice | 2 | |
| 5722182790 | Hinduism (Brahmanism) | -person: anonymous writers of Upanishads -time: 800-400 BCE -location: India -key ideas: Brahma (the single impersonal divine reality), karma, rebirth, goal of liberation (moksha) | 3 | |
| 5722197799 | Confucianism | -person: Confucius -time: 6th century BCE -location: China -key ideas: social harmony through moral example, secular outlook, importance of eduction, family as model of the state | 4 | |
| 5722215024 | Jainism | -person: Mahavira -time: 6th century BCE -location: India -key ideas: all creatures have souls, purification through nonviolence, opposed to caste system | 5 | |
| 5722226959 | Buddhism | -person: Siddhartha Gautama -time: 6th century BCE -location: India -key ideas: suffering caused by desire and attachment, end of suffering through modest and moral living and practice of meditation | 6 | |
| 5722242436 | Daoism | -person: Laozi, Zhuangzi -date: 6th-3rd centuries BCE -location: China -key ideas: withdrawal from the world into contemplation of nature, simple living, end of striving | 7 | |
| 5722255023 | Greek rationalism | -person: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle -time: 5th to 4th centuries BCE -location: Greece -key ideas: style of persistent questioning, secular explanation of nature and human life | 8 | |
| 5722268015 | Christianity (Jesus) | -person: Jesus -time: early 1st century CE -location: Palestine/Israel -key ideas: supreme importance of love based on intimate relationship with god, at odds with established authorities | 9 | |
| 5722284801 | Christianity (St Paul) | -person: Saint Paul -time: 1st century CE -location: Palestine/Israel/Eastern Roman empire -key ideas: Christianity as a religion for all, salvation through faith in Jesus Christ | 10 | |
| 5722299320 | Legalist answer to China's problems | hardheaded and practical philosophy. thought the solution to China's problems lay in rules or laws that were clear and strict. had a pessimistic view of human nature. | 11 | |
| 5722316784 | Confucian answer to China's problems | the moral example of superiors would restore social harmony. education was the key to moral betterment. the family became a model for political life. | 12 | |
| 5722352559 | filial piety | Confusion belief, the honoring of one's ancestors and parents | 13 | |
| 5722364745 | wen | refers to the refined qualities of rationality, scholarship, and literary and artistic abilities | 14 | |
| 5722369345 | wu | focused attention on physical and martial achievements | 15 | |
| 5722387854 | Daoist answer to China's problems | urged withdrawal into the world of nature and encouraged behavior that was spontaneous, individualistic, and natural. family life was central to Chinese society, but a more equal balance between the sexes. | 16 | |
| 5722409887 | dao | elusive notion that refers to the way of nature, the underlying and unchanging prince that governs all natural phenomenon. | 17 | |
| 5722490261 | Vedas | an evolving set of widely recognizes sacred and religious Hindu texts. collections of poems, hymns, prayers, and rituals compiled by priests called Brahmins. | 18 | |
| 5722508080 | Upanishads | another body of sacred Hindu texts. mystical and highly philosophical works that sought to probe the inner meaning of the sacrifices in the Vedas. | 19 | |
| 5722526113 | moksha | hindu belief; liberation from the cycle of death and rebirth | 20 | |
| 5722532068 | samsara | hindu belief; the notion of rebirth and reincarnation | 21 | |
| 5722535626 | karma | hindu belief; states that human souls migrate from body to body over many lifetimes, depending on one's actions. | 22 | |
| 5722570150 | Laws of Manu | Hindu laws. describe a social order and gender system that is extremely patriarchal. | 23 | |
| 5722587762 | nirvana | Buddhist belief; means enlightenment. main goal in Buddhism, can be achieved by following the Buddhist path. an indescribable state un which individual identity would be extinguished along with greed, hatred, and delusion. | 24 | |
| 5732601971 | Buddhism and Hinduism similarities | much of the Buddha's teachings reflected Hindu traditions. including: the key idea that ordinary life is an illusion, the concepts of karma and rebirth, the goal of overcoming the demands of the ego, the practice of meditation, the hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth. Buddhism was essentially a simplified and more accessible version of Hinduism. | 25 | |
| 5732623755 | Theravada Buddhism | the early version of Buddhism. portrayed the Buddha as an immensely wise teacher and model, but not a divine. was more psychological than religious and was a set of practices rather than beliefs. the gods played little role in achieving enlightenment. | 26 | |
| 5732629067 | Mahayana Buddhism | a modified form of Buddhism, present by the early centuries of the common era. proclaimed that help was available for the voyage to enlightenment. developed bodhisattvas. Buddha became a sort of God, Buddhism was transformed into a popular religion of salvation. religious merit could not be earned by acts of piety and devotion. | 27 | |
| 5732636843 | bodhisattvas | spiritually developed people who postponed their own entry into nirvana to assist those who were still suffering. | 28 | |
| 5732655372 | Buddhism in India | Buddhism eventually died out in India, but its Mahayana form prevailed in other places, specifically Asia. Hinduism became the leading religion in India. | 29 | |
| 5732683835 | Yahweh | Jewish God. viewed as a powerful and jealous deity, who demanded their exclusive loyalty. encountered as a divine person with whom people could actively communicate. | 30 | |
| 5732699697 | Socrates | an Athenian philosopher who walked about the city engaging others in conversation about the good life. did not lecture or teach, but rather questioned his student's thinking. Got in trouble with the city authorities for his way of thinking and was sentenced to death. | 31 | |
| 5732709613 | Greek thinkers | all had a commitment to a rational and nonreligious explanation for the material world. | 32 | |
| 5732728609 | Saint Paul | started the transformation of Christianity from a small Jewish sect to a world religion. was an early convert whose missionary journeys in the eastern roman empire led to the founding of small christian communities that included non-jews. | 33 | |
| 5732746898 | motives behind Rome's persecutions against Christians | it was strange and offensive that Christians were so monotheist, and denied all other supernatural powers. They were tagged as "atheists" and were persecuted. all of that ended with Constantine's conversion to Christianity. Christianity soon came to be the glue that held the Roman empire together. | 34 | |
| 5732760443 | bureaucracy | a hierarchically organized structure of government that acts as a state | 35 |
