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AP World History - Chapter 4 Flashcards

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14795358237regionAn area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features. ex. midwest, corn/ agriculture/ farming area that has similar characters or features can have multiple features0
14809581422causationA cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable. cause and effect ex. industrial revolution -> technology1
14809583852comparisona statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc. compare and contrast2
14809586650change over timeevolution changes and how things stay the same (continuity ex. religion)3
14823364989civilizationA society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes4
14823366768religionthe belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.5
14823370844diffusionThe process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time6
14823756804hearthThe region from which innovative ideas originate ex. Christianity, Jerusalem7
14854710532dynastyA series of rulers from the same family8
14854713318confucianismA philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct.9
14854728810Filial Pietyrespect for parents10
14854734313Civil Service ExamIn China, it was an exam based on Confucian teachings that was used to select people for various government service jobs in the bureaucracy.11
14854740407Scholar Gentryin China, a group of people who controlled much of the land and produced most of the candidates for civil service fancy word for bureacracy12
14871805496hinduismA religion native to India, featuring belief in many gods and reincarnation13
14871805497Caste Systema social structure in which classes are determined by heredity14
14871821412Brahimspriests; top level of the caste system15
14871825046Samsara (reincarnation)The cycle of life, death, and rebirth16
14871826760Karma(Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation17
14871830223DharmaIn Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties18
14871837222EnlightenmentA movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.19
14871846138SufismA group of devotional movements in Islam20
14871851407Bhakti Movementsought to erase the distinction between Hinduism and Islam21
14871872203VedasCollections of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods of the Aryans.22
14891280437BuddhismA religion based on the teachings of the Buddha.23
14891286789Siddhartha GautamaFounder of Buddhism24
14891292718Theravada and Mahayanatwo different sects of Buddhism25
14891296997Bodhisattvaa person who has attained enlightenment but who has postponed nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment26
14891296999Nirvanaa condition of great peace or happiness27
14891300765Dalai Lamathe spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism and, until the establishment of Chinese communist rule, the spiritual and temporal ruler of Tibet.28
14907655790Judaismthe monotheistic religion of the Jews.29
14907658151Christianitythe religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices.30
14907664185AbrahamFounder of Judaism31
14907669939Jesus of Nazaretha teacher and prophet born in bethlehem and active in nazareth; his life and sermons form the basis for Christianity32
14907672215Ten CommandmentsA set of laws for responsible behavior, which, according to the Bible, were given to Moses by God.33
14907672216PalestineA territory in the Middle East on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Disputed with Israel.34
14907675077YahwehHebrew name for God "I am who I am"35
14923910603MuhammadFounder of Islam36
14923910604Five PillarsThe basic tenets of Islam: Allah is the only god and Muhammad is his prophet; pray to Allah five times a day facing Mecca; fast during the month of Ramadan; pay alms for the relief of the weak and the poor; take a hajj to Mecca37
14923915562RamadanMonth of fasting38
14923918881HajjPilgrimage to Mecca39
14923921469MuslimsFollowers of Islam40
14923921470Sunnione of the two main branches of orthodox Islam a Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of the Umayyads as the true rulers of Islam41
14923926568Shiitea member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali as the legitimate successor to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs42
14923930868Isaac and IshmaelSons of Abraham43

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