Ap World History chapter 4 terms.
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| 31135800 | Cyrus the Great | Established massive Persian Empire by 550 B.C.E.; successor state to Mesopotamian empires., c. 530 B.C.E. A Persian ruler who captured Babylon. He was known for his mercy. He was tolerant of other religions and culture, and even incorporated different architectural styles into his buildings. | 0 | |
| 31135801 | Zoroastrianism | Animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in "House of Spring"; chief religion of Persian Empire; Persian religion that believed in two forces, one good, the light and the other one evil, the darkness and that you could chose which side to join. Ethical monotheism., | 1 | |
| 31135802 | Olympic Games | One of the pan-Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations | 2 | |
| 31135803 | Pericles | Athenian political leader during 5th century bc.' guided development of Athenian Empire; died during early stages of Peloponnesian War | 3 | |
| 31135804 | Peloponnesian War | A protracted (431-404 B.C.E.) and costly conflict between the Athenian and Spartan alliance systems that convulsed most of the Greek world. The war was largely a consequence of Athenian imperialism. Possession of a naval empire allowed Athens to fight a war of attrition. Ultimately, Sparta prevailed because of Athenian errors and Persian financial support. | 4 | |
| 31135805 | Philip II | Ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 bc.; founder of centralized kingdom; later conquered the rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority | 5 | |
| 31135806 | Macedon | kingdom located in northern Greece; originally loosely organizedunder kings, became centralized under Philip II; served as basis for unifaction of unifaction of Greece and later Macedonian Empire. | 6 | |
| 31135807 | Hellenistic Period | that culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as the combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms | 7 | |
| 31135808 | Alexandria | City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization | 8 | |
| 31135809 | Roman Republic | The balanced constitution of Rome from c. 510 to 47 B.C.E.; featured an aristocratic Senate, a panel of magistrates, and several popular assemblies. | 9 | |
| 31135810 | Punic Wars | a series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean | 10 | |
| 31135811 | Carthage | Originally a Phoenician colony in Northern Africa; became a major port and commercial power in the Western Mediterranean; fought the Punic wars against Rome for dominance of the western Mediterranean | 11 | |
| 31135812 | Julius Caesar | Roman general responsible for conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew republic; assassinated in 44 B.C.E. by conservative senators | 12 | |
| 31135813 | Augustus Caesar | Name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome. | 13 | |
| 31135814 | Diocletian | Roman emperor from 284 to 305 C.E.; restored later empire by improved tax administrations and tax collections | 14 | |
| 31135815 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 312-337). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion. | 15 | |
| 31135816 | Direct Democracy | A system of government in which citizens participate directly rather than through elected representatives | 16 | |
| 31135817 | Senate | Assembly of Roman aristocrats; advised on policy within the republic; one of the early elments of the Roman constitution | 17 | |
| 31135818 | Consuls | Two chief executives of the Roman republic; elected annually by the assembly dominated by the aristocracy. | 18 | |
| 31135819 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world | 19 | |
| 31135820 | Stoics | Hellenistic group of philosopher; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery | 20 | |
| 31135821 | Plato | Greek philosopher; knowledge based on consideration of ideal forms outside the material world; proposed ideal form of government based on abstract principles in which philosophers ruled. | 21 | |
| 31135822 | Sophocles | Greek writer of tragedies; author of Oedipus Rex | 22 | |
| 31135823 | Iliad | Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but possibly the work of many authors; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek myths | 23 | |
| 31135824 | Odyssey | Greek epic poem attributed to Homer but the work of many authors; defined gods and human nature that shaped Greek mythos | 24 | |
| 31135825 | Doric | Along with Ionian and Corinthian; distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the least ornate of the three styles | 25 | |
| 31135826 | Ionic | Along with Doric and Corinthian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; more ornate than Doric but less than Corinthian | 26 | |
| 31135827 | Corinthian | Along with Doric and Ionian, distinct style of Hellenistic architecture; the most ornate of the three styles. | 27 |
