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| 10575008169 | Antioch | a Greco-Roman city on eastern coast of the Mediterranean; during the Roman Empire, it served as the western terminus of trade on the Silk Roads. | 0 | |
| 10575008170 | Aspasia | a foreign woman who resided in Athens and was the unmarried partner of Pericles; she was known for her learning and intelligence, and indirectly influenced Athenian politics. | 1 | |
| 10575008171 | Axum | a city in modern Ethiopia; beginning in the 1st C. CE, grew into a large Christian kingdom that profited greatly from trade in the Indian Ocean. | 2 | |
| 10575008172 | Bantu | a word used to describe the group of peoples who migrated in several waves over thousands of years; eventually spread their languages and cultures over much of sub-Saharan Africa. | 3 | |
| 10575008173 | Coerced Labor | forced labor in different forms in different empires; for Rome it was slavery, for India the untouchables (out-of-caste), and for China is was the Corvee system. | 4 | |
| 10575008174 | Djenne-Djeno | an important city on the Niger river; part of the Niger River civilization, which included a series of cities that ran more like chiefdoms than states; eventually became wealthy from Trans-Saharan trade. | 5 | |
| 10575008175 | Empress Wu | the only female "Empress" in Chinese history (r. 690-750 CE); her attempts to elevate the position of women provoked a patriarchal backlash among the Confucian scholar-bureaucrats. | 6 | |
| 10575008176 | Filial Piety | the Confucian virtue and duty to respect, honor, and obey one's elders, especially inside the family; seen as the primary model for all of Chinese society. | 7 | |
| 10575008177 | Funan | an early civilization in Southeast Asia; eventually developed into a large kingdom that benefitted enormously from trade in the Indian Ocean; heavily influenced by both Indian and Chinese civilizations. | 8 | |
| 10575008178 | Germans | a general term used to describe the various groups of Germanic-speaking peoples whose migrations and invasions contributed to the fall of Rome in 476 CE; would later form the basis of a new or blended civilization in Western Europe in the Post-Classical era. | 9 | |
| 10575008179 | Helots | a subjugated population forced into slavery after being conquered by Sparta; the fact that they outnumbered Spartan citizens by about seven to one may have prompted the militarization of Spartan society. | 10 | |
| 10575008180 | Hephthalites | "White Huns"; pastoral nomads from Central Asia who invaded Persia and India, briefly creating an empire; contributed to the demise and eventual fall of the Gupta Empire. | 11 | |
| 10575008181 | Huns | pastoral nomads from the Eurasian Steppes who invaded Europe and eventually Rome itself; led by Atilla, they established a brief empire that created pressure on Germanic peoples as well as Rome. | 12 | |
| 10575008182 | Jati | part of the Caste system in India; the family into which one was born determined one's social and professional duties and obligations. | 13 | |
| 10575008183 | Latifundia | large Roman estates owned by one family, worked by a large slave labor force, and which produced agricultural products for export; contributed to the economic inequality of later Roman society. | 14 | |
| 10575008184 | Laws of Manu | the teachings of a Hindu sage, finally recorded in writing ca. 200 BCE; they outline the duties and punishments associated with the various levels of the Caste system in India. | 15 | |
| 10575008185 | "Mean People" | the lowest level of people in the Confucian social hierarchy; included those whose work was a necessary evil, including merchants and during the Han Dynasty, soldiers. | 16 | |
| 10575008186 | Meroe | a city on the banks of the Upper Nile in what is now Sudan; eventually grew into a large kingdom that traded with Rome to the north and India and China through the Indian Ocean; | 17 | |
| 10575008187 | Muziris | an important port city in southern India that grew enormously wealthy due to its strategic location in the Indian Ocean trade; its exact whereabouts remain somewhat mysterious. | 18 | |
| 10575008188 | Oc-Eo | an important port city in Southeast Asia that grew enormously wealthy due its strategic location between India and China; sailors from both civilizations were forced to stay here for long periods of time to wait for the monsoon winds to change, influencing the civilization of Funan. | 19 | |
| 10575008189 | Paterfamilias | the oldest living male in a Roman household who exercised total authority over his extended family. The term is Latin for "father of the family" or the "owner of the family estate". | 20 | |
| 10575008190 | Samarkand | one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, located in modern Uzbekistan; became and enormously important and wealthy city due to its strategic location along the Silk Roads. | 21 | |
| 10575008191 | Scholar-Gentry | in the Confucian social order, the emergence of families who combined the wealth of the owners of large landed estates (Gentry) with the political power of sons who had become Confucian scholar-bureaucrats; continued to form the bases of the Chinese elite for millennia, despite attempts by people like Wang Mang to limit their influence. | 22 | |
| 10575008192 | Spartacus | a Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in the history or Rome; he led an army of nearly 120,000 rebels against the Roman elite, eventually burning down significant parts of Italy from 73 to 71 BCE. | 23 | |
| 10575008193 | Straits of Malacca | narrow water way near modern Singapore that connects the Bay of Bengal to the South China Sea; Malay sailors developed an all-water route from China to India through it, thus altering the balance of power in Indian Ocean trade dramatically. | 24 | |
| 10575008194 | "Three Obediences" | in Confucian thought and practice, the idea that a woman must obey her father first, then her husband, and finally her oldest son; the codification of patriarchy in China. | 25 | |
| 10575008195 | "Twice Born" | in the Caste system of India, the notion that the three top varnas (Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaishya) must be "born again" in a series of rituals that mark the passage through different phases of life. | 26 | |
| 10575008196 | Varna | in Hindu belief, a person is born into one of four social classes; each class is said to have come from a different part of the body of Parusha, the first man; the Dalit, or Untouchables, are considered avarna, or out-of-caste. | 27 | |
| 10575008197 | Xiongnu | pastoral nomads from modern Mongolia who continued to attack and attempt to invade China; established a large "empire" just north of the Han; contributed to the fall of the Han Dynasty. | 28 | |
| 10575008198 | Yellow Turbans | a Daoist secret society who led a massive rebellion against the perceived inequalities of the Han Dynasty from 184 to 204 CE, eventually contributing to the fall of the Han. | 29 | |
| 10575008199 | Which of the following has been put forward by scholars as a possible factor in the emergence of slavery in the first civilizations? | The domestication of animals | 30 | |
| 10575008200 | How was India's social structure different from that of China? | Indian social groups were defined more rigidly | 31 | |
| 10575008201 | Wang Mang's reform program following his seizure of the Chinese throne in 8 CE included | Government loans to peasant families | 32 | |
| 10575008202 | Like first civilizations, societies in the classical era | Were patriarchal in organization | 33 | |
| 10575008203 | China was unique in the ancient world in the extent to which | It's social organization was shaped by the actions of the state | 34 | |
| 10575008204 | India and China during the classical era were similar in that in both societies | Sharp distinctions and great inequalities characterized social order | 35 | |
| 10575008205 | Once the system of jatis in India were established | An individual jati could slowly raise it's standing in relation to others by acquiring Land or Wealth | 36 | |
| 10575008206 | During the classical era slaves compromised more that one third of the total population in | The Roman Empire | 37 | |
| 10575008207 | The growth of democracy in Athens was accompanied by | The simultaneous growth of slavery | 38 | |
| 10575008208 | In which of the following ancient societies did women enjoy the fewest restrictions | Sparta | 39 | |
| 10575008209 | Which of the following traditions provided a unifying ideology for peasant rebellions in china | Daoism | 40 | |
| 10575008210 | Which of the following describes women's status in the classical civilizations | Public life was a male domain while women's roles took place in domestic settigs | 41 | |
| 10575008211 | In contrast to Athens, women in Sparta | Married men close to their ahe | 42 | |
| 10575008212 | How did the centuries of political fragmentation and conflict following the fall of the Han empire affect the lives of Chinese women | Buddhism and Daoism grew in popularity, resulting in some loosening of the strict patriarchy supported by Confucianism | 43 | |
| 10575008213 | Slaveholding was least widespread in | China | 44 | |
| 10575008214 | The world's first and longest lasting civil service emerged in | China | 45 | |
| 10575008215 | Peasants were honored and merchants were looked down upon in the official ideology of | China | 46 | |
| 10575008216 | Which group was at the top of the caste system in India? | Brahmins | 47 | |
| 10575008217 | The combination of natural disasters high taxes and demands for labor and military lead to many rebellions in | China | 48 | |
| 10575008218 | Membership in a jati was based on a person's | occupation | 49 | |
| 10575008219 | The inequalities of the caste system are supported by | Hindu notions of dharma karma and rebirth | 50 | |
| 10575008220 | In India the jati determined | whom one could marry | 51 | |
| 10575008221 | The caste system encouraged loyalty to | local communities | 52 | |
| 10575008222 | Which of the following was a major source of slaves in Rome? | prisoners of war | 53 | |
| 10575008223 | Although slaves in the Roman Empire performed all work, from the most prestigious to the most degrading, they were prohibited from | Serving in the military | 54 | |
| 10575008224 | Which of the following is an example of the "weapons of the weak" used by slaves to resist their enslavement? | Sabotage | 55 | |
| 10575008225 | In general, patriarchal systems that restricted women's lives were weakest | In the early years of a civilization's development | 56 | |
| 10575008226 | Although the practice of patriarchy varied in the classical civilizations, they all | Defined women's roles in reproductive terms | 57 | |
| 10575008227 | In what way were the Yellow Turban Rebellion in Han China and the Spartacus Rebellion in the Roman Empire similar? | Both were large-scale, violent reactions to oppressive conditions | 58 | |
| 10575008228 | The Appian Way, shown in the spot map on page 233 in the textbook, marks the path along which | Slaves defeated in the Spartacus Rebellion were nailed to crosses | 59 | |
| 10575008229 | Analects | Text composed by students of Confucius, which recorded conversations about his teachings; eventually became the foundational text for Confucianism | 60 | |
| 10575008230 | animism | The belief that nature itself is imbued with many spirits | 61 | |
| 10575008231 | atman & brahman | Two words that mean "soul"; atman is an individual creatures soul, while Brahman is the universal soul or the source of all things to which the atman returns after moksha is achieved | 62 | |
| 10575008232 | Bhagavad-Gita | A key text in Hinduism, in which Lord Krishna (an avatar of Vishnu) and Arjuna discuss the meaning of dharma; it is a chapter within a larger text, the Mahabharata, which is the longest epic poem ever composed | 63 | |
| 10575008233 | Dao De Jing | A book of poems written by Laozi in which he attempts to describe the concept of dao, or the "way" of nature; foundational text for Daoism | 64 | |
| 10575008234 | devanagari | The script used to write Sanskrit and later languages; Hindus believe it was a gift from Ganesha to allow humans to record the Mahabharata | 65 | |
| 10575008235 | dharma | One's sacred duty according to his or her social position; it determined whether or not one got good karma | 66 | |
| 10575008236 | diaspora | Greek word meaning "scattered"; used to describe the movements of Hebrews and Jews who were continually forced out of their homeland in Israel, especially by the Romans | 67 | |
| 10575008237 | dualism | A belief in a struggle between good and evil; in Zoroastrianism it implies both a cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu in the spiritual world and a moral struggle between good and evil within each person | 68 | |
| 10575008238 | filial piety | Literally the "righteousness of the son"; a core belief in Confucianism that one's place in society is a reflection of one's place within a family; based on the concept of the "five relationships" | 69 | |
| 10575008239 | Gathas | Sacred hymns believed to be composed by Zoroaster himself; along with the Avestas, ritual hymns and chants created by the earlier Indo-Iranians, they form the sacred scriptures of Zoroastrianism | 70 | |
| 10575008240 | Han Feizi | Primary creator of the idea of Legalism; his book, called Han Fei, influenced Qin Shihuangdi as created the first empire in China | 71 | |
| 10575008241 | Israel | Area in the Levant which Jews believe is their homeland because of their covenant with Yahweh; after being expelled from Israel by Mesopotamian rulers, they returned from Egypt to form a kingdom in Israel, only to be later expelled by the Romans | 72 | |
| 10575008242 | Jainism | A religion that combines elements of Hinduism with elements of Buddhism; the first Mauryan emperor, Chandragupta, converted to Jainism and retired, leaving the empire to his son Ashoka | 73 | |
| 10575008243 | Karma | The idea that one will be either punished or rewarded in the next reincarnation according to how well one followed his or her dharma | 74 | |
| 10575008244 | Kung Fuzi | AKA Confucius; a scholar and teacher who lived during the Warring States period and taught that the ways to achieve peace and harmony is to educate people to be morally good in their relationships; founder of Confucianism | 75 | |
| 10575008245 | Laozi | A wandering ascetic who lived during the Warring States period and taught that the way to achieve peace and harmony was to live according to one's natural instincts; founder of Daoism | 76 | |
| 10575008246 | Legalism | An authoritarian belief system in which humans are inherently bad and require the application of a strict legal code including harsh punishments in order to achieve social harmony | 77 | |
| 10575008247 | Mahayana | Variety of Buddhism in which the Buddha is worshipped as a god; became especially popular in Central and East Asia (China and Japan) | 78 | |
| 10575008248 | Manichaeism | A dualistic religion that emphasized the struggle between good and evil after Zoroastrianism; would spread throughout the Roman Empire and Southwest Asia | 79 | |
| 10575008249 | matrilineal | "Line of the mother"; in the case of Judaism, it determines whether or not you are considered a Jew | 80 | |
| 10575008250 | moksha | Liberation of the soul from the cycle of reincarnation; when atman is returned to brahman | 81 | |
| 10575008251 | monasticism | The idea that one can retreat from society and focus only on spiritual development in a monastery as a monk (or a nun) | 82 | |
| 10575008252 | monotheism | A belief in only one god; in the case of the Hebrews that god is known as Yahweh or Elohim. | 83 | |
| 10575008253 | Moses | The "founder" of Judaism; Hebrew prophet who led his people out of bondage in Egypt and is said to have composed the Torah | 84 | |
| 10575008254 | myth | A story that is believed to be true, and that explains the world around us | 85 | |
| 10575008255 | polytheism | A belief in many gods | 86 | |
| 10575008256 | rationalism | A belief that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response; typical of Greco-Roman thought | 87 | |
| 10575008257 | ritual | An action that addresses the mysterious and that bridges the material and spiritual worlds | 88 | |
| 10575008258 | samsara | The Hindu concept most closely-translated as reincarnation, in which one's soul (atman) is reborn in another form of life after one dies | 89 | |
| 10575008259 | shamanism | A belief in human intermediaries who are able to bridge the material and spiritual worlds | 90 | |
| 10575008260 | Siddhartha Gautama | A Hindu prince who wanted to find a way to end suffering; once he became enlightened he received the title "Buddha" | 91 | |
| 10575008261 | Talmud | A book of teachings by the most revered rabbis of early Judaism; not considered scripture but nonetheless an enormously influential text within the Jewish faith | 92 | |
| 10575008262 | Theravada | Variety of Buddhism in which the Buddha is revered as a teacher but NOT as a god; especially popular in Southeast Asia | 93 | |
| 10575008263 | Torah | The first five books of the Christian Old Testament, believed by Jews to have been written by Moses himself; the most sacred scriptures in Judaism | 94 | |
| 10575008264 | Trimurti | A Hindu belief in three main gods: Brahma, the creator god, Shiva, the destroyer god, and Vishnu, the preserver god | 95 | |
| 10575008265 | Tripitaka | Three books written in Pali, the language spoken by the Buddha, that are considered sacred scriptures by Buddhists | 96 | |
| 10575008266 | Upanishads | Sacred scriptures in Hinduism; later than the Vedas, the Upanishads are much more abstract and tend to focus on the nature of the soul (atman and brahman) | 97 | |
| 10575008267 | Vedas | Sacred scriptures in Hinduism; originally a collection of thousands of hymns a preserved by oral tradition, the Vedas formed the basis for the polytheism that would eventually become known as Hinduism(s) | 98 | |
| 10575008268 | Zoroaster (Zarathustra) | Persian prophet and founder of a faith that transformed Indo-Iranian polytheism into a new form of dualism; his teaching would eventually become the official religion of the Persian empires | 99 | |
| 10575008269 | Which of the following classical religions and philosophies focused more on affairs of this world than on the realm of the divine and its relationship to human life? | Confucianism | 100 | |
| 10575008270 | Zoroastrianism most probably influenced which of the following philosophical or religious traditions? | Judaism | 101 | |
| 10575008271 | Buddhism and Hinduism are similar in that they both | offered hope for final release from the cycle of rebirth | 102 | |
| 10575008272 | Which of the following systems of thought provided inspiration for the harsh reunification of China under Qin Shihuangdi? | Legalism | 103 | |
| 10575008273 | A follower of Daoism would | withdraw for politics | 104 | |
| 10575008274 | Which of the following reflects a Zoroastrian idea that can be found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? | the concepts of good and evil | 105 | |
| 10575008275 | Which cultural tradition is particularly noted for its emphasis on logic and relentless questioning of received wisdom, without giving much role to gods? | Greek philosophy | 106 | |
| 10575008276 | The cosmic struggle between Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu lies at the heart of which religion? | Zoroastrianism | 107 | |
| 10575008277 | The ancient Olympics were | a religious ritual in honour of Apollo | 108 | |
| 10575008278 | Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era? | Confidence in human reason | 109 | |
| 10575008279 | Which of the following statements is true of the religious and philosophical traditions that developed in Eurasia in the centuries surrounding 500 BC? | All sought to define a single source of order and meaning in the universe | 110 | |
| 10575008280 | Which of the following describes how Confucianism affected Chinese society? | The civil service examination system was based on Confucian texts, | 111 | |
| 10575008281 | Which of the following may have played a role in the decline of Buddhism in India? | Buddhism was absorbed into a reviving Hinduism. | 112 | |
| 10575008282 | Both the Buddha and Jesus | Were transformed by their followers into gods | 113 | |
| 10575008283 | In the four centuries following Jesus's death, Christianity | Excluded women from leadership roles in the church | 114 | |
| 10575008284 | Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between Daoism, Confucianism, as understood by Chinese elites? | Daoism and Confucianism were regarded as complementary rather the contradictory | 115 | |
| 10575008285 | Which of the following is considered a sacred text of Hinduism? | Upanishads | 116 | |
| 10575008286 | Which of the following is a central feature of the Hindu notion of karma? | Samsara (rebirth) | 117 | |
| 10575008287 | Which element of Hinduism did Buddhism reject? | The religious authority of the Brahmins | 118 | |
| 10575008288 | In contrast to the Theravada Buddhism, the Mahayana version portrayed the Buddha as a | god | 119 | |
| 10575008289 | Which of the following refers to a feature of the conception of the divine found in Judaism? | An understanding of God as engaged in history and demanding social justice | 120 | |
| 10575008290 | What did Confucianism and Greek rationalism share in common? | A secular approach to understanding the world | 121 | |
| 10575008291 | Which one of the following represents a way that Greek scholarship influenced the world? | Greek texts were translated into Arabic and stimulated Muslim intellectuals. | 122 | |
| 10575008292 | What did Confucius, Zarathustra, and Siddhartha Gautama have in common? | They were all historical founders of philosophical or religious traditions | 123 | |
| 10575008293 | What did Buddhism and Christianity have in common? | They both started out as an effort to reform the religious from they which they had come from, but emerged as separate religions | 124 | |
| 10575008294 | which of the following statements reflects the state of Christianity by 500 CE? | Christianity was endorsed by states in Europe and North Africa | 125 | |
| 10575008295 | Disagreements over the meanings of the Buddhas teachings led to | a proliferation of different sects, practices, and meditation techniques | 126 | |
| 10575008296 | How did Christianity change in the first 500 years since its emergence? | the egalitarian small house churches during Jesus' lifetime evolved into a male-dominated hierarchical Christian church | 127 | |
| 10575008297 | Which of the following included a distinctively supernatural dimension? | Mahayana Buddhism | 128 | |
| 10575008298 | Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were associated with | Greek rationalism | 129 | |
| 10575008299 | Which of the following inferences can be made based on Map 4.1 in the textbook? | Christianity established a presence in Asia, but Buddhism did not take hold in Europe. | 130 | |
| 10575008300 | Which school of thought contended that the best way to govern was to lead the people by virtue and the rules of propriety? | Confucianism | 131 | |
| 10575008301 | The conception of life and death expressed in the following quote reflects an idea central to which religious or philosophical tradition? "For one that is born, death is certain; and to one that dies, birth is certain" | Hinduism | 132 | |
| 10575008302 | What did Jesus and Socrates share in common? | Both were sentenced to death by states which felt threatened by their teachings | 133 | |
| 10575008303 | By the first century CE artists began to portray the Buddha | in human form | 134 | |
| 10575008304 | How have representations of the Buddha from the second century to the fourteenth century change? | The earliest depictions of the Buddha relied on symbols while later representations showed the Buddha in various human forms | 135 | |
| 10575008305 | Which of the following reflects a rule of conduct Jesus encouraged people to follow! | "Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you" | 136 | |
| 10575008306 | Acropolis | Literally "Summit of the City"; a complex of public buildings in the center of Athens that includes the Parthenon. | 137 | |
| 10575008307 | Alexander the Great | Son of Philip of Macedon; conquered Greek city-states and then the Persian Empire, creating the largest empire the world had seen to that point. | 138 | |
| 10575008308 | Alexandria(s) | A series of cities founded by Alexander the Great, who believed that cities were an effective way to spread Greek culture; the first Alexandria, in Lower Egypt, became a hub of ancient culture, philosophy, and science; there were dozens of other Alexandrias founded throughout Afro-Eurasia. | 139 | |
| 10575008309 | Aqueducts | Impressive feats of Roman engineering, these structures carried water from mountains and springs into urban areas with the highest population density. | 140 | |
| 10575008310 | Ashoka | Most famous of the Mauryan rulers; attempted to create an empire run on Buddhist principles while still maintaining its political authority. | 141 | |
| 10575008311 | Athens | Most powerful Greek polis after the Greco-Persian wars; source of direct democracy as well as a great deal of philosophy and literature. | 142 | |
| 10575008312 | Caesar Augustus (Octavian) | Nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar; first ruler of the Roman Empire, who called himself the "First Roman" instead of "Emperor"; would eventually be worshipped as a god. | 143 | |
| 10575008313 | Carthage | Powerful city in North Africa originally founded by the Phoenicians; its general, Hannibal, attempted to conquer Rome but failed, and Rome would begin its expansion toward empire. | 144 | |
| 10575008314 | Chandra Gupta I | Founder of the Gupta Dynasty that would eventually lead a great empire and foster a Hindu cultural "golden age". | 145 | |
| 10575008315 | Constantinople | The capital city of the Eastern Roman Empire after Diocletian split the empire into two halves in an attempt to maintain better control over its territories; modern-day Istanbul. | 146 | |
| 10575008316 | Cyrus the Great | Founder of the Achaemenid dynasty of the Persian Empire; developed numerous techniques for administering the power of the "King of Kings". | 147 | |
| 10575008317 | Democracy | A form of government in which people participate, either by directly voting on the issues (direct democracy as in Athens) or by voting on other people to decide the issues for them (representative democracy as in the Roman Republic). | 148 | |
| 10575008318 | Great Wall | Massive public works project initiated by Qin Shihuangdi; the idea was to build a wall to keep out the pastoral nomads to the north (in this period, the Xiongnu). | 149 | |
| 10575008319 | Han Wudi | Early Emperor of the Han dynasty; established a system to train and test Confucian scholars who would become the bureaucrats to administer the power of the state. | 150 | |
| 10575008320 | Hellenization | The process of spreading Greek language and culture throughout North Africa and Southwest Asia that began with the conquests of Alexander the Great but continued after his death. | 151 | |
| 10575008321 | Pataliputra | Capital city of both the Mauryan and the Gupta Empires, it would eventually become a hub of commerce and culture. | 152 | |
| 10575008322 | Pax Romana | Literally "Roman Peace"; an area of unprecedented growth in which the power of the state was so powerful that there were very few internal conflicts and Roman citizens were free to travel anywhere within the Empire. | 153 | |
| 10575008323 | Peloponnesian Wars | A series of civil wars between the Delian League (Athens and its allies) and the Peloponnesian League (Sparta and its allies). Sparta eventually won, but the Greek poleis were weakened enough to be conquered. | 154 | |
| 10575008324 | Pericles | Military leader of the Athenian forces that won the Battle of Salamis in the Greco-Persian wars; eventually became the political leader of Athens during is "Golden Age" of culture. | 155 | |
| 10575008325 | Persepolis | Capital city of the Persian Empire; city in which public ceremonies honored the "King of Kings"; eventually destroyed by Alexander the Great. | 156 | |
| 10575008326 | Pillar Edicts | A series of columns distributed throughout South Asia on which were carved the policies of Ashoka, declaring religious tolerance and universal justice. | 157 | |
| 10575008327 | Polis System | A political system used by the Hellenes in which each city-state was an independent political entity. | 158 | |
| 10575008328 | Qin Shihuangdi | The first emperor of China; used brutal methods to end the Warring States period and unify China into an empire. | 159 | |
| 10575008329 | Rome | Initially and independent city-state, it would eventually become a republic and then the capital city of the Roman Empire. | 160 | |
| 10575008330 | Royal Roads | A network of roads that led to Persepolis begun by Cyrus the Great; eventually the system would be copied by later empires. | 161 | |
| 10575008331 | Satrapy System | A political system initiated by Cyrus the Great, in which Persian governors used local officials to administer the power of the "King of Kings" over unprecedented territory. | 162 | |
| 10575008332 | Sparta | Powerful Greek polis that valued military strength over any other virtue; rival of Athens | 163 | |
| 10575008333 | SPQR | "Senatus Populusque Romanus", which means "The Senate and the People of Rome"; this slogan became part of the ideology of Rome, and along with the belief in the rule of law and the value of a man's word, became known as "The Way of the Ancestors" even as the Empire began to betray these ideals. | 164 | |
| 10575008334 | Twelve Tables | Series of Roman laws that protected the social and political rights of the Plebeians. | 165 | |
| 10575008335 | Xi'an (Chang'an) | Capital city of the Han dynasty; also the eastern-most terminus city on the Silk Roads trading network. | 166 | |
| 10575008336 | Persian political organization included which of the following? | Lower-level officials drawn from local authorities. | 167 | |
| 10575008337 | Which of the following was a unique feature of political life in classical Greece? | The idea of free male citizens running the affairs of state. | 168 | |
| 10575008338 | Solon brought which of the following reforms to Athens after 594 B.C.E.? | The right of all citizens to participate in the Assembly. | 169 | |
| 10575008339 | What did the Persian Empire share in common with classical Greece in 500 B.C.E.? | Both were the expansive civilization. | 170 | |
| 10575008340 | In contrast to the Persian Empire, the political culture of classical Greek civilization did what? | Featured popular participations in politics. | 171 | |
| 10575008341 | A major development that occurred during the Hellenistic era was? | The spread of Greek culture throughout most of the ancient world. | 172 | |
| 10575008342 | Which of the following represents a defining characteristic of an empire? | A state formed through conquest and maintained through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples. | 173 | |
| 10575008343 | Which of the following was true of both the Roman and the Chinese Empires? | They invoked supernatural sanctions to support their rule. | 174 | |
| 10575008344 | The Persian Empire and the Mauryan dynasty were similar in that both did because? | relied on imperial spies to keep tabs on distant provinces. | 175 | |
| 10575008345 | Which of the following was a motivation for the expansion of the Roman Empire? | The wealth of the Medditerranean societies. | 176 | |
| 10575008346 | Which of the following was a characteristic of all classical empire? | They were powerful states capable of coercing resources from subjects. | 177 | |
| 10575008347 | Which religious tradition was absorbed into China during the classical period? | Buddhism | 178 | |
| 10575008348 | When Germanic tribes entered into the western part of the Roman Empire, they...? | Produced a hybrid culture that drew on both Germanic and Roman elements. | 179 | |
| 10575008349 | Which of the following has been put forward to explain why empires were much less prominent in India than in China? | India's unparalleled cultural diversity. | 180 | |
| 10575008350 | In contrast to the Roman Empire, the process of empire formation in China ...? | Had precedents to follow. | 181 | |
| 10575008351 | Which of the following describes the Persian policy towards people with different cultural traditions who lived within the empire? | Respect and tolerance for non-Perisian traditions. | 182 | |
| 10575008352 | Which of the following was a consequence of the Greco-Persian Wars? | The notion of an East/West divide. | 183 | |
| 10575008353 | Which of the following was a major avenue for the spread of Greek culture in the empire established by the Macedonians? | Cities | 184 | |
| 10575008354 | Which of the following represents a value of the Roman Republic, idealized as "the way of the ancestors"? | Rule of Law | 185 | |
| 10575008355 | Which of the following is an example of the centralization of the Chinese state under Qin Shihuangdi? | Standardization of weights, measures, and currency. | 186 | |
| 10575008356 | Which of the following expresses the basic difference between what the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty believed was the key to good government? | The Roman Empire emphasized good laws while the Han dynasty emphasized on good men. | 187 | |
| 10575008357 | In contrast to what followed after the collapse of the Han dynasty in China, the collapse of the Roman Empire..? | Led to the emergence of highly decentralized political systems. | 188 | |
| 10575008358 | In what respect did India's political history resemble that of Western Europe? | Both created enduring civilizations in the absence of a consistent, encompassing imperial state. | 189 | |
| 10575008359 | Which of the following represents a period during which most of the South Asia subcontinent was unified under a single imperial state? | Mauryan Empire | 190 | |
| 10575008360 | The conquest of which leader contributed to the widespread dissemination of Greek culture during the Hellenistic era? | Alexander the Great | 191 | |
| 10575008361 | Athens' leadership bin which event launched Athens on a path to establish its dominance over other city-states in the region? | Greco-Persian wars | 192 | |
| 10575008362 | Which of the following had the weakest tradition of rule by monarchs? | Athens | 193 | |
| 10575008363 | Which of the following had an important influence on the Chinese imperial state? | Legalism | 194 | |
| 10575008364 | When the Roman Empire disintegrated in 476 C.E., the eastern part of the empire came to be known as...? | The Byzantine Empire | 195 | |
| 10575008365 | Based on the information provided in Map 3.5 in the textbook, the leaders of China were most concerned about a foreign invasion coming from which direction? | North | 196 |
