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| 5756632873 | Chinese examination system | this system of selecting administrators evolved into the world's first professional civil service. potential officials were trained as scholars and were subjected to a series of examinations to select officials. in theory, this system also allowed people in lower classes to hold government positions. | 0 | |
| 5756697195 | Chinese landlord class | landlords came to own large estates and were often able to avoid paying taxes, and even mound military forces that could challenge the authority of the emperor. | 1 | |
| 5756759820 | Chinese peasants | made up the vast majority of Chinese population. constantly rebelled against the state. | 2 | |
| 5756781560 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | floods along the Yellow River and resulting epidemics caused misery of landlessness and poverty. this caused a massive peasant uprising. looked forward to the "Great Peace"- a golden age of equality, social harmony, and common ownership of poverty, was suppressed by military forces, but it devastated the economy, weakened the state, and contributed to the overthrow of the dynasty. | 3 | |
| 5756845058 | Chinese merchants | were widely viewed as unproductive, and making a shameful profit by selling the work of others. they were often discriminated against, but were also able to become fairly wealthy. | 4 | |
| 5756877716 | Indian Caste System | -Brahmins -Kshatriya -Vaisya ALL ABOVE THIS ARE PURE ARYANS -Sudras -untouchables | 5 | |
| 5756877717 | varnas | the four ranked classes that society was thought to be forever divided in. everyone was born into or remained in one of these classes for life. | 6 | |
| 5756885714 | Brahmins | at the top of the hierarchal system; priests who could ensure the proper functioning of the world | 7 | |
| 5756898712 | Kshatriya class | second highest class. warriors and rulers who were charged with protecting the society | 8 | |
| 5756903006 | Vaisya class | third highest class. originally commoners who cultivated the land. later evolved into a business class. | 9 | |
| 5756905626 | -Sudras | not pure Aryans, far below the third highest class. native people who were incorporated into Aryan society. regarded as servants. eventually evolved into peasant farmers. | 10 | |
| 5756922725 | untouchables | the lowest class. mean and women who did the work considered most unclean and polluting. considered outside of the varna system. | 11 | |
| 5757226821 | jatis | specialized occupationally based groups. each of these was associated with one of the varnas. | 12 | |
| 5757272610 | Roman slavery | generally meant ownership by a master. played an immense role in the Western world, and was a defining element of Roman society. Roman slavery was not associated with a particular racial or ethnic group, but were instead typically prisoners captured in war. | 13 | |
| 5757352251 | Changing of patriarchy in China | women were seen as inferior in both universal and Confucian thinking. a few women were, on occasion, able to exercise considerable political authority. women's lives were actually far more complex than Confucian orthodoxy might suggest. | 14 | |
| 5757403502 | patriarchy in athens vs sparta | athens attitude towards women was far more restrictive than sparta. in athens women had next to no rights, and were expected to stay in the house at all times. in sparta women were slightly more important, because they gave birth to men who took place in the military system. | 15 |
